44 TUBDID.E. 



being seen in all directions, perched on the tops of plants, 

 bushes, and hedges. They nest from March to July. Some 

 arrive from Europe in September and October, leaving in 

 February and March." Favier. 



This bird is also on the Spanish side one of the most common 

 and at the same time conspicuous birds. They increase perhaps 

 in numbers in autumn and spring, but are as common in winter 

 as in summer. I found a nest with five eggs hard sat on the 

 10th of March, and have no doubt that they breed more than 

 once in the season. 



Male. Head, chin, and throat black ; breast orange-chestnut ; upper 

 tail-coverts whitish, spotted with black. Tail blackish brown ; outer weh 

 of outside feathers edged with buff. 



Female. Upper tail-coverts reddish brown ; lower parts rufous. 



Young. Spotted. Length 5 inches. 



15. Ruticilla moussieri, Olph- Gal Hard. Moussier's Redstart. 



Under the synonym of " Huticilla erythrogastra " a large 

 eastern Redstart Favier, in his notes, has included Moussier's 

 Redstart ; but his description fully identifies it as a male 

 M. moussieri. He mentions one killed in 1848. I obtained 

 an adult male at Tangier on the 14th of March, 1872, and 

 saw three others killed in that month in 1874 ; since then 

 they appear to be of irregular occurrence in spring. 



I never obtained one on the Spanish side of the Straits, or 

 saw a Spanish specimen. 



Male. Crown, sides of head, back, and wings black ; white line over eye 

 from forehead to nape. White patch on wing. Rump, upper tail-coverts, 

 tail (except the two brown centre feathers), and underparts pale chestnut. 



Female. Much as female of Common Redstart, but smaller and russet- 

 red below. Length 4^ inches. 



16. Ruticilla phcenicurus (Linnaeus). The Common Redstart. 

 Moorish. Houmeira (reddish). Spanish. Culirojo. 



" This Redstart is only found on passage near Tangier, 

 crossing the Straits in March and April, returning in September 



