RUTICILLA TITYS. 45 



and October. It is not so common as Ruticilla titys, and is 

 seldom seen settled on rocks." Favier. 



The Common Redstart is seen in great numbers near and at 

 Gibraltar on passage. My earliest dates of arrival noticed were 

 the 4th of April 1868, 5th of April 1869, 22nd of March 1870, 

 28th of March 1874 (Tetuan), 23rd of March 1894. In.1872 

 they passed in great quantities on the 12th,. loth, 14th, and 15th 

 of April, the last noticed being on the 26th, in the Cork-wood. 



They are not known to remain and nest near Gibraltar, but 

 are reported by Arevalo to do so near Granada. 



Rurnp and tail chestnut ; axillaries chestnut, or rufous. 



Male in spring. Black line in front of the white forehead ; chin, throat, 

 and sides of neck black ; back grey ; centre of belly nearly white. 



Female. Above dull brown ; underparts paler ; breast shaded with 

 chestnut and white. 



Male in autumn much as adult female. 



Young. Spotted. Length 5j inches. 



17. Ruticilla titys (Scopoli). The Black Redstart. 



Spanish. Culirojo, Tintorero. 



" This species is the most common Redstart about Tangier, 

 remaining throughout the winter among rocks and old buildings. 

 They arrive during October, and depart in March. The old 

 birds are solitary ; but the immature birds keep together. They 

 shake their tails incessantly, and, holding their heads erect, are 

 difficult to get a shot at " (!). Favier. 



The Black Redstart is seen at Gibraltar, as at Tangier, 

 arriving in November, and never being seen after March. They 

 nest, however, a little way north of San Roque. 



A specimen I killed at Gibraltar had been eating very small ants. 



Tail and rump chestnut-red ; two centre tail-feathers dark ; axillaries 

 Hack, or greyish black. 



Male. Cheeks, throat, and breast black ; primaries and secondaries edged 

 on outer webs with white ; centre of belly nearly white. 



female and young male. Above entirely sooty brown ; underparts nearly 

 as dark as the upper. Length 5f inches. 



