TURDID.E. 



Willow- Warbler, crossing to Europe in February, March, and 

 April, returning in October and November. 



The ChiffchaiF is to be seen throughout the year in the Cork- 

 wood, but is most common from November to March. I found a 

 nest on the 21st April in a bush about six inches from the ground. 



The four Spanish species of Phylloscopus all build domed 

 nests, usually on the ground, but occasionally in bushes or fern at 

 an elevation of sometimes two feet or more above the ground; 

 this is particularly the case with Bonelli's Willow- Warbler. 



The Chiffchaff is difficult to tell from the common Willow- 

 Warbler, but is always smaller and the legs are darker, being 

 almost black, the eyebrow is not so well defined, and it is a more 

 dull-coloured bird than P. trocliilus. The note is also very 

 different and distinct. The young of all the species are more 

 highly coloured than the adult birds ; but the genus is a very 

 troublesome and perplexing one to the student, and only to be 

 elucidated by observing the different species in a wild state, and 

 listening to their notes. The skins shrink and the colours fade 

 so much that a table-naturalist is much the most puzzled by them. 



Above olive-green, below yellowish white. Smaller than next, and duller 

 in plumage. Legs nearly black. Length 4| inches. 



45. Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus). The Willow-Warbler. 



Moorish. Simriz. Spanish. Mosquilla. 



" The most common of Willow- Wrens near Tangier ; crosses 

 the Straits in April, returning in November." Favier. 



There is no doubt, although I did not find a nest, that this 

 species breeds near Tangier. In the vicinity of Gibraltar they 

 are to be found throughout the year in the Cork-wood, where 

 they breed, and I have seen the young able to fly on the 8th 

 of May. Although universally distributed in winter, they are 

 most common when on passage in March and October. 



Much as last, but larger and brighter. Legs light Irown. Length 5 

 inches. 



