80 CORVID^E. 



GORVID^l. 



71. Pyrrhocorax graculus (Linnaeus). The Red-billed 



Chough. 



Moorish. Narrar. Spanish. Graja. 



This species is stated by Favier to be found in large nights 

 near Tetuan a statement we can fully corroborate. We also 

 saw a great many about the cliffs of Abyla, or Apes' Hill, opposite 

 to Gibraltar. 



In the rocky sierras of Andalucia the Red-billed Chough is 

 plentiful, particularly about Ubrique. They are, of course, 

 resident ; but I am unable to state the time of nidification. 



Jet-black, with steel gloss ; the curved bill, eyelids, legs, and feet red. 

 Length 14-17 inches. 



72. Pyrrhocorax alpinus, Vieillot. The Yellow - billed 



Chough. 



Although there is no record of the occurrence of this Chough 

 on the African side, at Apes' Hill, in 1877, a bird flew so close 

 to us that we thought we could distinguish the yellow bill. 



On the Spanish side they occur near Granada, and at the 

 Taj os del Gaitan, Malaga. 



Plumage and size as last, but bill yellow and slightly shorter. 



[Nucifrag'a oaryooatactes (Linnaeus). The Nutcracker. 



I never met with this pine-forest bird on either side of the 

 Straits, though there was one in a collection at Cordova ; but 

 from what locality was not stated ; so, until further evidence be 

 obtained, the species cannot with certainty be included as an 

 Andalucian bird. It has been recorded from Estremadura by 

 Captain Cook Widdrington, and possibly may be found in some of 

 the high ranges, where Pinus cembra grows.] 



