88 LANIIDJ3. 



African Shrike, as it is not peculiar to Algeria, is not common in 

 the immediate vicinity of Tangier ; but a little further south, 

 near Larache, and towards the Fondak on the road to Tetuan 

 they are very abundant. Their habits, nests, and eggs are 

 identical with those of L. meridionalis, their Spanish repre- 

 sentative, and they are only met with in scrubby jungle. On the 

 18th of April we found one nest in a thick lentiscus bush, with 

 five eggs, which were hard sat-on, and another on the 20th, with 

 only three fresh eggs. 



This species is distinguishable from the Spanish Grey Shrike by the 

 grey colour of the underparts. 



Plumage black, white, and grey. 



Above dark bluish grey ; below grey ; no white streak over eye. Length 

 9^ inches. 



86. Lanius minor, J. F. Grmelin. The Lesser Grey Shrike. 



This small migratory Shrike is said to have been obtained at 

 Lanjaron (Arevalo], but Lord Lilford informs me (1894) that he 

 never met with it in Andalucia and that his record of the bird 

 there was an error. It is reported to occur in the east of Spain. 



First primary very short, less than one third of second ; tail even. 

 Male. Above grey ; forehead and feathers from bill, round eye to ear- 

 coverts, black ; breast and flanks with a roseate blush. Wing-bar white. 

 female. Less black on fore part of head. 

 Young. Has only black round and behind eye. Length 8-9 inches. 



87. Lanius collurio, Linnseus. The Red-backed Shrike or 



" Butcher-bird." 



Mr. Meade- Waldo observed this Shrike near Tangier on the 

 10th of April, 1892, and it has been obtained there, though 

 very rarely in Andalucia ; so we may reasonably assume that 

 their line of migration is not across the Straits of Gibraltar ; and 

 it would be interesting to know the reason of this, as in 187G 

 Lord Lilford and myself found them common in the Province of 

 Santander. 



