ANTHUS OBSCURUS. 115 



134. Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus). The Meadow-Pipit. 



The Meadow-Pipit is equally common in Morocco and 

 Andalucia from October to the end of March. 



Head and upper parts olive-brown, mottled with black centres ; rump 

 uniform ; throat, chest, and flanks streaked with black ; light pattern of 

 tail-feathers white ; axillaries edged with olive-yellow. Hind claw nearly 

 straight, longer than hind toe. Length 5^ inches. 



135. Anthus cervinus (Pallas). The Red- throated Pipit. 



I obtained two Pipits in 1870 on the 10th of March, which 

 I took home to England ; and they were identified as belonging 

 to this species by Mr. Sharpe and Captain Shelley. In 1874, on 

 the 8th of March, I shot among a lot of A. pratensis another 

 bird, which appeared to be A. cervinus; but as the rufous throat 

 is not developed, though it showed signs of that mark of the 

 breeding-plumage, to determine with certainty to which species 

 it really did belong is impossible ; so I mention and include the 

 species in my list with a view to some future collector paying 

 attention to the subject. For my own part I have little doubt 

 that A. cervinus does occur on passage in Andalucia and Morocco. 



Male in spring. Much resembles last, but has eye-stripe, cheeks, throat, 

 and breast deep vinous red. 



Female. Onlv the throat vinous. 



if 



In winter the difference between the two species is hardly distinguishable ; 

 but it is said that in this species the rump is spotted like the back, and the 

 under tail-coverts have dark centres. Length 5^ inches. 



136. Anthus obscurus (Latham). The Rock-Pipit. 



Favier states that this species occurs in winter near Tangier, 

 and may be always seen on the sea-shore. I think (not having 

 seen any of his specimens) that these remarks apply to A. spipo- 

 letta, which he does not mention in his MS. ; but Mr. Dresser, 

 in his ' Birds of Europe,' examined a specimen obtained by 

 Olcese at Tangier, and I brought home a Pipit shot on the 



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