118 ALAUDID.E. 



at a time. Calandras, Buntings, Larks, in fact any birds that 

 sleep on the ground can be thus taken. 



Breast spotted. Outer tail-feathers white, except inner edge of inner 

 web ; next pair white only on outer web. Hind claw long and straight. 

 Bastard primary very small. Length 7^ inches. 



143. Alauda arborea, Linnaeus.. The Woodlark. 



Spanish. Alondra de monte (Lark of the scrub). 



According to Favier, this species " occurs near Tangier on 

 passage during March." Some were obtained by Capt. Savile 

 Reid near Larache in the winter of 1884-85. 



On the Andalucian side the Woodlark is sparingly and locally 

 distributed during the winter months up to as late as the 21st of 

 April, frequenting scrub where not very thick, a favourite locality 

 near Gibraltar being the chaparales * in the Cork-wood. Well 

 known to the Spanish birdcatchers, and highly valued as a cage- 

 bird ; they assured me that the Woodlark never remains to nest 

 near Gibraltar, but they are known to breed near Malaga. 



Light streak over eye ; primary-coverts tipped with white, showing 

 small white spot on closed wing. First primary long, third primary longest. 

 Tail short ; outer feather greyish white at end, and outer web bordered 

 with white, next three tipped with triangular white spots ; hind claw 

 curved. Length 6 inches. 



144. Alauda cristata, Linnams. The Crested Lark. 



Moorish. Kubaa (hooded one as hood of jellabia, or crest of 

 a helmet). Spanish. Carretera. 



The Crested Lark is one of the most abundant birds both in 

 Morocco and Andalucia, though never seen in any great numbers 

 together. They are distributed in pairs on every road-track and 

 open plain, often at intervals of only some twenty yards. 

 Excessively tame and fearless , they have acquired the name of 

 Carretera, from their habit of frequenting roads, to which they 



* " Chaparal," lit. a plantation of ilex. The " chaparales " here mentioned are 

 simply ground covered with brushwood or scrub. 



