MERGUS SERRATOR. 231 



on the coast and on large lakes, but T never met with any near 

 Gibraltar. 



Bill longer than head, much swollen at the base. 



& / 



Tail long, pointed, and stiff. 



General colour chestnut to buff, vermiculated with blackish grey. 



Male. Crown black ; forehead, sides of head, chin, and nape white. 



Female. Crown and nape dark brown. General colour more chestnut 

 than in male, white streak below eye to nape, chin and upper throat white. 

 Length 17^ inches. 



Subfamily MERGING. 



The following Mergansers, or " Saw-bills " have the bill 

 slender and straight, the edges with strong saw-like teeth 

 pointing backwards. 



253. Mergris merganser, Linnseus. The Goosander. 



The Goosander is recorded by Favier as having been once 

 obtained by him near Tangier in October 1862, and another was 

 found dead on the shore near that town during the winter of 

 1869-70, the only instance in which I met with any. Arevalo 

 records this species from Malaga. 



The immature males of this and the next two species can be 

 at once distinguished by the trachea, which in the males has 

 more or less bony enlargement at the base, while in the females 

 it is uniform in size throughout the entire length. 



Male. Head and upper neck glossy metallic black, slightly crested ; 

 lower neck and underparts white ; rump and tail ashy grey ; bill blood-red, 

 and, as in next, longer than head ; iris red. 



Female. Head and upper neck light chestnut, crested ; above slate-grey ; 

 below white ; wing-spot white. 



Young. Like female, but without crest. Length 26 inches. 



254. Mergns serrator, Linnseus. The Red-breasted Mer- 



g-anser. 



Spanish. Pato cle sierra (Saw-duck). 



This species is not mentioned in Favier's MS., but is found in 



