38 OSTEOLOGY OF PTERANODON. 



the wing-spread of No. 2514 would be about 8.163 m 5 O r 26 feet, 9 inches. The proximal 

 ends of the radius and ulna, however, do not appear so robust as those of P. ingens 

 (type), No. 1175, supposed to be of the same size as No. 2594, a comparison that argues 

 against the extreme size computed above. It would seem quite as reasonable to con- 

 clude that the proportionate size of the skull and limbs may have varied considerably 

 in Pteranodon, just as in other genera of recent and fossil vertebrates. 



Important data concerning the types and other valuable examples of Pteranodon are 

 given below. As previously stated, all the material in the Marsh Collection referred to 

 this genus was obtained from the Niobrara Cretaceous beds of western Kansas. The 

 color of the matrix seems to be affected to some extent by exposure to the elements, 

 and can not at present be relied upon as a criterion of age. 



Pteranodon occidentalis (type), No. 1164, was collected by Professor O. C. Marsh, July, 

 1871, from the "Gray Shale" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, on the north side of the 

 Smoky River in western Kansas. It comprises the following bones of the right wing: 

 The humerus ; the proximal end of the ulna ; the proximal and distal ends of the radius ; 

 the carpus ; the greater part of the fifth metacarpal, including both ends ; the first phalanx, 

 both ends of the second phalanx, both ends of the third phalanx, and the greater part 

 of the fourth phalanx, of the fifth digit. 



Pteranodon ingens (type), No. 1175, was collected by E. W. Guild, alias E. S. Field, 

 May 17, 1876, from the "Yellow Chalk" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, in Wallace County, 

 Kansas. It comprises the following bones : The basioccipital, the left quadrate, the ar- 

 ticular portions of the mandibular rami ; cervical vertebrae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; three 

 dorsal vertebrae ; the pelvis, with series of ten vertebras ; the right scapula and coracoid ; 

 the right humerus, ulna, proximal and distal ends of the radius ; the carpus, proximal and 

 distal ends of the fifth metacarpal ; the right femur, and the proximal and distal ends of 

 the right tibia; the proximal part of the left femur. 



Pteranodon longiceps (type), No. 1177, was collected by Professor S. W. Williston, May 2, 



1876, from the "Yellow Chalk" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, near the Smoky River in 

 western Kansas. The type consists of the skull, together with the atlas and axis. 



Pteranodon occidentalis (type skull), No. 1179, was collected by E. S. Field, alias E. W. 

 Guild, 1875, from the "Yellow Chalk" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, near Castle Rock in 

 Trego County, Kansas. The specimen is imperfect. 



Pteranodon ingens (type), No. 2594, was collected by Professor S. W. Williston, July 20, 



1877, from the "Yellow Chalk" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, in Wallace County, Kansas. 

 The skull, with atlas and axis, is preserved. 



Pteranodon sp., No. 1181, was collected by Professor B. F. Mudge, April 24, 1875, 

 from the "Yellow Chalk" of the Niobrara Cretaceous, in Trego County, Kansas. It 

 comprises : The right scapula and coracoid ; the right humerus, radius, and ulna ; lateral 

 carpal and pteroid ; fragments of the fifth metacarpal ; fragments of the second, third, and 

 fourth metacarpals, and most of the phalanges of the manus. 



Pteranodon sp., No. 2493, was collected by E. S. Field, alias E. W. Guild, September 4, 

 1876, from the " Yellow Chalk " of the Niobrara Cretaceous, in Trego County, Kansas. 

 It comprises the following bones : The anterior part of the sternum, the right scapula 

 and coracoid, and fragments of the left scapula and coracoid ; the right humerus, radius, 

 and ulna ; two carpals ; the right fifth metacarpal and portions of the lateral metacarpals ; 

 the first, second, and third phalanges of the fifth digit ; two femora ; two tibiae, and most 

 of the right podials. 



