Preface to the New Edition xiii 



Ber. 43, 2398 (1910)]. Amongst the more characteristic 

 products is Maltol, 3 Hydroxy-2 Methyl y. Pyrone, which 

 they separated and identified. We have also found that 

 maltol appears in quite early stages of the decomposition 

 (J. Soc. Dyers, 191 6, -/if. '/.). This is of some importance as 

 it shows the labile tendency of cellulose to heterocyclic 

 ketonic groupings. 



Ligno-celluloses. We have extended our investigations, 

 the results of which have been recorded in our volumes of 

 Researches, and later in a communication to the Society of 

 Dyers and Colorists, 1916 (loc. tit.). As there had been na 

 contributions by way of criticism of our conclusions from other 

 investigators, we need only notice the point. With regard to 

 the applications of portions of the researches in quantitative 

 methods of estimating ligno-celluloses, the method proposed 

 by us [Cross, Bevan & Briggs, Bed. Ber. 40, 3119 (1907)], 

 based on the quantitative relationships of the reaction with 

 phloroglucinol, has been generally adopted, for its obvious 

 advantages over tests based upon colour intensity. These 

 matters are dealt with at length in our communication above 

 mentioned. We may call attention to a paper by E. Heuser 

 and R. Sieber, ' Ueber die Einwirkung von Chlor. auf Fichten- 

 holz,' Ztschr. ang, Chem. 26, 801 (1913), which confirms and 

 extends our investigations (pp. 101, 134) of the process of 

 chlorination of the ligno-celluloses and the composition of 

 the products. 



General Technology. Industrial developments of both 

 old and new manufactures of cellulose and cellulose derivatives 

 are of continuously growing magnitude. These industries are 

 so well known that it is not necessary to refer to the subject in 

 an outline manual such as the present. Of the newer develop- 

 ments it may be noted that the ' artificial silk ' produced by 



