146 A Century of Science 



against it. In New Haven it was soon suppressed 

 by the act of Charles II. which put an end to the 

 separate existence of the colony. In Massachu- 

 setts, where this theocratic policy prevailed for 

 half a century, the result was the growth of an 

 unenfranchised class which came to include four 

 fifths of the community. During the first genera- 

 tion, when the policy was administered by broad- 

 minded, sagacious men like Winthrop and Cotton, 

 its evils were not flagrant. But after 1650, with 

 such fanatics as Norton and the aged Endicott at 

 the helm, it soon became evident that the rulers 

 were at variance on many points with the mass 

 of the people. This was shown with glaring force 

 in the Quaker persecution, when the violence of 

 Endicott' s party produced a popular reaction of 

 feeling, which enabled the Quakers to carry their 

 point and remain in the colony in defiance of 

 statutes. It was further shown in the Half-way 

 Covenant and the founding of the Old South 

 Church in 1669, as parts of a movement toward 

 extending the suffrage ; and again in the rise of 

 the Tory party under the lead of Joseph Dudley, 

 opposed to the pretensions of the clergy. The 

 magnificent work of the Massachusetts theocracy 

 in resisting the crown throughout the whole reign 

 of Charles II. can never be forgotten. Nothing 



