210 THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN 



the seasons not being so strongly contrasted as 

 in our days. The margins of the rivers were 

 apparently favourite haunts of the race, the 

 coarse gravels affording an inexhaustible supply 

 of the stones required for implements " (*&., ib). 

 On the other hand Hoernes, who had already 

 disposed of the Chelleans, and even of the Mous- 

 terians in the earlier period, places the Solutrian 

 zone of civilisation here. It corresponds with the 

 Mammoth Period of E. Lartet. It seems to have 

 been the longest and the warmest of all the in- 

 tervals, and as the climate gradually grew colder, 

 the hippopotamus, straight-tusked and southern 

 elephant migrated southwards, the last-named 

 never to return. It was at this time, as Geikie 

 thinks, that the Acheulean zone of civilisation 

 came into existence and ran its course. 



THIRD GLACIAL PERIOD. Polonian (G.) ; Riss 



(p.). 



During the gradual transition from the Tyro- 

 lian to the Polonian periods, and before the 

 climax of the latter, Geikie thinks that " men 

 of the Mousterian stage of culture had come to 

 occupy the caves of north-west, central, and 

 southern Europe. In England, Belgium, France, 

 and Germany he was eventually contemporan- 

 eous, not only with mammoth and woolly rhinoc- 

 eros, but with reindeer, glutton, arctic fox, and 

 other members of the tundra fauna." This sheet 

 of ice did not extend so far south in England as 

 that of the Saxonian period, which, it will be 

 remembered, reached the valley of the Thames, 



