TOTEMISM AND EXOGAMY 225 



debt of gratitude owing to him by scholars, who 

 will greedily avail themselves of the quarry of 

 facts which he has opened for them, but it does 

 call for a note of caution to those who are inclined 

 to place his theories as well as his facts in the same 

 category of things unassailable. To this we shall 

 refer in a later portion of this paper : at present 

 we confine ourselves to giving some account of 

 the two customs whose names appear at the head 

 of this article. 



" A totem is a class of material objects which a 

 savage regards with superstitious respect, be- 

 lieving that there exists between him and every 

 member of the class an intimate and altogether 

 special relation " (i, 3). Apart from the material 

 objects selected as totems, and these are innumer- 

 able, there are several varieties of totem to which 

 reference must be made. Of these by far the most 

 important is the Clan-totem, common to a class 

 and passing by inheritance from generation to 

 generation. The Crows are succeeded (within 

 limits which will be indicated further on) by 

 Crows and the Eagle-Hawks by Eagle-Hawks. 

 Then there is the sex-totem belonging to all the 

 men or all the women of the tribe but not to 

 members of both sexes. Finally there is the personal 

 totem, which belongs to a man or a woman and 

 which is not handed down to his or her descend- 

 ants. 



We have already seen that the term totem is 

 derived from a North American Indian source, a 

 fact which is due to the accident that the custom 

 was first noticed <md Described in that part of the 



