284 The Feeding of Animals 



tein gives the nutritive ratio. For instance, in a ration 

 mentioned later there are .94 pound protein, 9.65 

 pounds carbohydrates, and .49 pound fat. (.49X2.4 

 + 9. 65)-^-. 94 = 11. 5. 1:11.5 is therefore the nutritive 

 ratio of the ration. 



A nutritive ratio may be designated as "narrow," 

 "wide," or "medium." These terms do not represent 

 exact limits, to which there is .universal agreement. 

 A narrow ratio is one where the proportion of protein 

 is relatively large, not less perhaps than 1:5.5. A 

 wide ratio is one where the carbohydrates are very 

 greatly predominant, or in larger proportion perhaps 

 than 1:8.0. Anything between 1:5.5 and 1:8.0 may 

 properly be spoken of as a medium ratio. 



For the purpose of illustration a few feeding stand- 

 ards are given in this connection. These are selected 

 from standards proposed by Wolff, as modified by 

 Lehmann. (See full table in appendix.) They refer in 

 all instances to animals weighing 1,000 pounds: 



For 1,000 pounds live weight daily 



Total 



Diges- Diges- diges- 



Dry tible tible Diges- tible Nutri- 



sub- pro- carbohy- tible organic tive 

 stance tein drates fat matter ratio 

 Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. 



Cow, yield milk, 22 Ibs... 29 2.5 13 .5 16 1:5.7 

 Fattening steer, 1st per. .. 30 2.5 15 .5 18 1:6.5 

 Horse, medium work 24 2 11 .6 13.6 1:6.2 



These and other standards will be discussed later 

 when we come to consider the feeding of the various 

 farm animals. Our present purpose is simply to make 

 clear the steps necessary to bringing the quantity and 



