60 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



branches or axes of inflorescence, spirally twisted. They are 

 glabrous or oftener clothed with down. The leaves are alternate, 

 petiolate, accompanied by two caducous stipules, entire or dentate, 

 penninerved or triplinerved. The fl.owers ^ are axillary or terminal, 

 and disposed in ears or simple or ramified clusters arranged in 

 small cymes or glomerules. 



ReisseJda^ climbing and cirriferous shrubs inhabiting Brazil, has 

 the flowers of Gouania ; but the fruit is furnished with three or 

 four membranous wings, and the pedicellate flowers are disposed in 

 numerous umbelliform cymes, in the axils of the leaves. Crume- 

 naria has the flower and fruit of Gouania, with membranous and 

 veined wings ; but the organs of vegetation are quite different ; for 

 they are nearly all perennial herbs, with a thick, woody stock, from 

 which proceed aerial reedy branches, leafless or bearing small 

 alternate scanty leaves, accompanied by small ciliate stipules (which 

 makes these plants the analogues of Canotia and StacJchousia among 

 the Celastracece), The flowers are few in number on slender pedicels, 

 and disposed in clusters of cymes. The Crumenarias are Brazilian 

 plants. One of them is an annual, with membranous, oval, and 

 trinerved leaves. Helinus, on the contrary, consists of sarmentous 

 and hairy shrubs (Asiatic and African), like Gouania and Reissekia^ 

 but they differ from them as also from Crumenaria, in the absence 

 of wings from the surface of the fruit, which is capsular, inferior, 

 and the three cocci of which open along their internal angle, after 

 they are detached from the columella. 



Phyliea (fig. 55, b&), which constitutes a sub-series by itself 

 {Phylicem), differs in habit as much from Gouania and Crumentaria 

 as these do from each other. Like many other plants from South 

 Africa, to which this genus is limited, they are cricoid shrubs with 

 alternate coriaceous and often linear leaves, covered with a down 

 generally whitish. The woolly flowers are axillary, rarely disposed 

 in cymes, oftener grouped in ears or terminal capitules. At the 

 bottom of the very concave receptacle, as in the preceding genera, 

 is a quite inferior adherent ovary, surmounted by an epigynous disk ; 



Icon. t. 974. — TuL. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, viii. Reiss. Mart. FL Bras. Mhamn. 102, t. 36-39. 



129 (G^M<j«m).— Seem. i^/. Vit. 43.— A. Gray, — Walp. Ann. i, 196; ii. 272 j iv. 436 j vii. 



Amer. Expl. Exp. Bot. i. 282.— Griseb. FL Brit. 607. 



W.'Ind. 101.— Tr. loc. cit. 381.~Thw. Enum. ^ Small, white or yellowish. 



PLZeyl 75.— Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 383.— 



