166 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



considered as connate stipules, enveloping the flower, are more or less 

 elongate around the fruit (fig. 143). The latter (fig. 144, 145) is 

 an achene i of which the descending seed contains under its coats 

 an embryo destitute of albumen, with radicle ascending and incum- 

 bent upon the cotyledons highly developed and spirally rolled one 

 upon the other (fig. 145). The two or three species of this genus 

 known ^ are herbaceous evergreen plants, with annual and volubile 

 branches, opposite 3-7 -fid leaves, accompanied by interpetiolate and 

 connate stipules. All the parts are rough, scabrous, odorous. The 

 male flowers are in rough clusters of cymes, and the female flowers 

 as well as the fruit (cones) collected in peduDculate capitules, with 

 numerous bracts closely imbricate, in the axil of which the flowers 

 are germinated (fig. 138, 142). The Hop, now cultivated in both 

 worlds,^ is a native of Europe and temperate Asia. 



The family of Ulmacece is of modern creation: B.-Mirbel^ dis- 

 tinguished it in 1815. Those genera comprised in it which were 

 known to Adanson,^ such as Cannabis^ Morus^ Ficus^ Borstenia^ 

 Cecropia (Jmbaiba), Trophis (Bucephalon\ Celtis and Ulmus^ were 

 placed by him in section III. of his family of Castaneae^ with 

 Urtica^ that is, in the group of Seahridew of Linn^us,^ plants to which 

 JussiEU*^ afterwards gave the name Urticce. E. Brown,^ in 1818, 

 separated from the TJrticece a group of Artocarpece^ and was therein 

 followed by Bartling and by Dumortier ^ who detached from the 

 JJrticem the families Ficinece^ Cannahinece^ Humulinece^ etc. End- 

 LiCHER,^^ in 1833, and, after him, Meissner^i distinguished from 

 them an Order Morece. All these groups were differentiated from 

 the Urticacece^ either by the organisation of the gynaecium, in which 

 some character, generally easily verified, varied, as the mode of 

 placentation, the direction of the ovules, their anatropy, or the 

 number of styles, or by the mode of insertion of the stipules or the 

 presence of a milky juice. Later a reaction set in against this 



1 Exterior to the putamen they have a small is identical with E. Lupulus of Europe. — Nutt. 

 fleshy bed (fig. 145) which soon decays. Journ. Acad. Sc. Philad. ser, 2, i. 181.— Torr. 



2 L. Spec. 1457.— Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 427.— Emor. Eep. 203. 



Bull. Eerb. t. 234.— Reichb. Ic. El. Germ. t. * Elem. de Phys. V4g. et de Bot. 905. 



656.— Scop. El. Carniol. ii. 263 (Camiabis).— s ;fam. des Plant, ii. 376 (1763). 



SiEB. et ZucG. El. Ap. Earn. Nat. ii. 89.— Seem. ^ ^deth. Nat. Phil. Bot. (1770), 29. 



Voy. Eerald Bot. 612, t. 98.— Miq. Ann. Mus. 7 Gen. (1789), 400, Ord. 3. 



Lugd.-Bat. ii. 133.— Aschers. El. Branded, 611. « Congo 454 ; Misc. Works (ed. Benn.) i. IJ 



— Gren. et GoDK. El. de Er. iii. 112. 9 Anal, des Earn. (1829). 



3 The species described as American have lo Prodr. El. Norfolk. 40 ; Gen. 211 , Ord. 

 doubtless been introduced, and E. Americamts ^^ Plant. Vase. Gen, 261 (part.). 



