ULMACEm. 179 



leaves of F. polycarpa Roxb. {F. copiosa Steud.) are taken mixed 

 "with opium. F, panifica Del., or Choddo of Abyssinia, has an 

 internal bark which is used for bread by the natives. They also eat 

 the fruit of F. Schimperiana (F. vallis Del.). F. courtallensis 

 [Covellia courtallensis Miq.) has been described by Rheede, under 

 the name of Valli Teregam^ as a very useful tree in India, its fruit 

 being used in the treatment of stomatitis, its bark as a cure for 

 leprosy, and its leaves for polishing wood and metal. In the 

 Moluccas, F. Wassa Eoxb. [Caprificus aspera Eumph.) is used in 

 dressing viands ; its bark is antidysenteric, and from its fruit is 

 prepared a mixture supposed to facilitate parturition. In Malabar 

 F. parasitica Koen. is sought as an antidysenteric, and its acrid 

 latex is supposed to cure chronic affections of the liver. F. undulata 

 Hamilt., of the same country, serves for the treatment of aphtsB, 

 tumours, ringworm ; F. scaberrima Bl., of Java, for pains. F, 

 septica is a drastic, a vermifuge, and an energetic blister ; the 

 Javans consider it a violent poison. F, lenjamina L. {Urostigma 

 henjaminmn Miq.) serves for the local treatment of sores produced 

 by poisoned arrows; the chewed leaves and branches are applied 

 to the point wounded. F. henghalensis L. [Urostigma henghalense 

 Gasp.) has a tonic root, and edible fruit and leaves. F. Karet (F. 

 indica Lamk.), one of the caoutchouc species, is employed as a tonic 

 and for toothache. As astringents and resolutives are sought in 

 tropical Asia and prescribed for a multitude of maladies of the liver, 

 3f the skin, of the mouth, etc., F, indica L. [Urostigma Tjiela Miq.), 

 nitida Thunb., infectoria Eoxb. [F. venosa Ait.), Rumphii Bl., 

 racemosa L. etc. F, Dcemonum Yahl is considered a terrible 

 poison. On the contrary, the fruit of F. glomerata Eoxb., F, 

 amhoinensis KosT. [Covellia racemifera Miq.), mollis {C. mollis Miq.), 

 aspera Forst., Granatum Forst., Chanas Forst. of Polynesia, and 

 that of F. pumila Thunb., of China, and of F. Johannis Boiss., of the 

 ■East, are edible. Several species are used to dye yellow, notably 

 F. tinctoria Forst., a tree of Tahiti. F, Ampelos Burm. d^vA politoria 

 Lamk. are used in Java to polish wooden vases. The properties of 

 the American Figs are analogous to those of the Old-world species. 

 In Brazil F. anthelminthica^ is extolled as verv efficacious in the 



^ Mart. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. 88 ; I^l. Med., thiea Miq. Mart. Fl. Bras. Urtic. 85, t. 25 

 (Econ. Bras. t. 77. — Fharinacosycea anthelmin- fig. 2 {Cocy'ingivia). 



12—3 



