494 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



germen. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8, of which 4 oppositipeta- 

 lous, sometimes sterile anantherous ; anthers of fertile ones subglo- 

 bose. Germen 2-locular ; ovules in cells oo , sub-1 -seriate ; style 

 capitate or clavate at apex. Fruit capsular small linear ; valves 4, 

 of which 2 wider internally septiferous in the middle ; but 2 narrower 

 not seminiferous. Seeds oo , ascending, externally smooth or papil- 

 lose. — Slender annual herbs ; leaves alternate linear entire subener- 

 vate; flowers (small) axillary solitary, very shortly pedicellate. 

 [Warm toest. parts of both Americas,) — See p. 465. 



3. Ludwigia L. — Flowers (nearly of CtJnothera) 3-5-merous ; 

 receptacle cylindrical or turbinate, not produced beyond germen. 

 Petals entire, 2-lobed, or 0. Stamens twice as many as petals 

 (Jussia3a) ; the oppositipetalous smaller, sometimes effete or rudimen- 

 tary ; or equal in number and alternipetalous ; filaments rather short 

 inserted under margin or between lobes of epigynous disk. Fruit 

 capsular, septicidal or rarely membranous, indehiscent, sometimes 

 dehiscing by apical pores; ribs of valves often dilacerate or irregu- 

 larly divided. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs or shrubs ; leaves alter- 

 nate or opposite ; stipules sometimes minute or glanduliform ; leaves 

 axillary solitary or in short terminal racemes ; bracteoles 2 lateral, 

 inserted at greater or less height on the pedicel or germen. Other 

 characters of (EnotJiera. {All trojp, and temp, regions.) — See p. 465. 



4. Clarkia Pursh. — Flowers (nearly of CEnothera) 4-merous ; re- 

 ceptacle produced shortly above ovary (EuclarJcia) or long in narrow 

 cylinder (Eucharidium). Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals same in 

 number unguiculate, entire (Phceostoma) or oftener 3-lobate. Stamens 

 8, inserted in throat of receptacle, 2-seriate; the oppositipetalous 

 smaller or rudimentary; anthers deformed or evanescent; filaments 

 of fertile alternipetalous ones sometimes enlarged interiorly at base 

 by elongate process of disk. Disk annular epigynous and surrounding 

 base of style. Germen 4-locular ; ovules go . Fruit capsular coria- 

 ceous, loculicidally 4-valvate ; valves septiferous in middle, oftener 

 solute from columella. Seeds oo , ascending; punctate or papillose, 

 sometimes marginate. Other characters of CEnothera. — Annual 

 herbs ; leaves alternate elongate, entire or denticulate ; flowers 

 axillary solitary, sometimes (from leaves being changed to bracts) 

 terminally spicate. {North-west. America.) — See p. 466. 



5. Zauschneria Presl. — Flowers (nearly of Clarkia) 4-merous ; 

 receptacle 4-gonal, above germen adnate within suddenly infundibu- 



