170 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



section Pentadiplandra^ the leaves are also compound-digitate. The 

 ovary has ^nq to seven ovarian cells surmounted by as many small 



stigmatiferous tubercles, and the 



Flerandra{Pentadiplandra)riemardL andrCBCium is formed of fivO 



pentadelphous stamens or of 

 five alternipetalous filaments 

 each bearing an anther with 

 four introrse and primarily 

 parallel cells (fig. 222). 



Thus defined, this genus con- 

 sists of woody plants, unarmed 

 trees or shrubs, with flowers in 

 compound umbels, nearly al- 

 ways erect stems, climbing in 

 TupidanthuSj from India, whilst 



Fig. 222. Long. sect, of flower (i). ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^pecioS are 



from the Sandwich, Feejee, New 

 Caledonia and neighbouring isles. 



The form of inflorescence of the Umhelliferce^ attracted the attention 

 of early botanists. Thus, Dodoens ^ united them in the fifth class 

 of his first ' pemptade.' Clusius ^ places them in the same book 

 with the Compositce and Ferns. Cesalpin ^ makes of them a separate 

 class, as do also Dalechamp ^ and many other authors at the close of 

 the sixteenth century. Linn^us^ conceived the idea of distinguishing 

 an Order of UmhellifercB which has been retained generally by his 

 successors, especially, in France, by B. de Jussieu,^ Adanson ^ and 

 A. L. de Jussieu.^ Adanson placed the Araliece known to him in 

 the same family and in a tribe of Ginsen. A. L. de Jussieu sepa- 

 rated them under the title of a distinct order ^" in consequence of an 

 error, believing the seeds of the TJmheUiferce naked and those of the 

 Araliece furnished with a pericarp. The fruit of these plants w^as 

 then very imperfectly known. Cusson,^^ then G^rtnek,^^ showed 



» Umbellatce T. L/st. ZQ4:.—Sciadophyta Neck. « Prcelcct. Ord. Nat. (ed. Gies.) 508. 



Elem. i. 162. — Umbellacea Lindl. Key (1835), 

 n. 11. — Apiacece Llndl. Veg. Kingd. (1846) 

 773, crd. 296. 



2 Peinpt. (1552). 



3 Rarior. et Exot. (1576). 



4 Be Plantis Lihri XVI (1583). 

 ^ RUt. Gen. Plantar. (1587). 



' Ex A. L. Juss. Gen. Ixv. 



8 Fam. des PL (1763) ii. 102, sect. 8. 



9 Gen. (1789) 218, Ord. 2. 



10 Zoc. cit. 217, Ord. 1. 



^^ Ex J. {Extrait d'un M^moire sur les Omhel- 

 lif-eres, Hist. Soc. Roy. Med. (1782). 

 '2 De Fntct. et 8anin. (1789). 



