UMBELLIFER^. 177 



Ireland and Italy, where they form about ^^ ^^ ^^^^ enth^e flora. 

 Anisotome, Stilhocarpa, Azorella, and Apiiim are found near the south 

 pole. In Lapland the Umbel liferce are said to form ^y of the vegeta- 

 tion. The deadly Hemlock grows in the Somoid district as far north 

 as 72°, and the Goutweed (JEzopodium) to 70°, the northern limit of 

 Carum and some Pimpinellas, (Enanthe crocata and Fhellandrium 

 grow in Finland, to 60°, and Angelica Sylvestris as far as Cape North. 

 Imperatoria is found in Iceland to 65° and the Cow-parsnip {Heracliiim 

 SphondijUum) in Norway to 62°, the extreme limit of the common 

 Carrot, of Daucus (Torilis) Anthriscus and of Ghcerophylliim temulum. 



UsES.^ — The Umhelliferce are generally more or less odorous, 

 aromatic. They often contain an essential oil and a resinous matter, 

 the former was held to predominate in the root, the latter in the 

 fruit. The stem may contain both principles, though generally in 

 smaller quantity, and likewise, mucilaginous and saccharine sub- 

 stances, also found in several roots. To these are not unfrequently 

 added, either in all parts of the plant, or in the subterranean portions, 

 or in the leaves or fruit, narcotic acrid alkaloids which render some 

 species poisonous. In the Aralicce, where these alkaloids are most 

 frequently absent, a bitter or astringent and tonic principle is lound, 

 in addition to the resinous matter and essential oil. Thence are 

 derived most of the properties, sometimes very remarkable, which 

 characterize the plants of this family. Among the aromatic Umhelli- 

 ferce, the most common are the Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar e), the 

 Chervil (Cheer ophyllum sativum) and the Parsley (Carum Petroselinum.^) 



^ EsDL. Hi'chirid. 382. — Lindl. Veff. Eingd. tenuifolium Riv. — A. latifollum Mill, (not 



775; Fl. Med. 33. — Guib. Brog. Simpl. ed. 6, Poik.) — A. crispum^liLX.. Diet. n. 2. — Petrose- 



iii. 199-251. — Rosenth. Synops. PL Diaphor. linmn sativutn Hoffm. Umb. i. 78, t. 1, fig. 7. — 



624, 1138.— F LUCK. etHANB. PAamaeo^'r. 264- Koch, Umb. 127.— Nees, Of. PJl. t. 21.— DC. 



297. Prodr. iv. 102, n. 1.— Guib. loc. cit. 223, fig. 622. 



" Apium Petroselimm L. Spec 379.— Hayn. —Berg, et Schm. Off, Gew. t. 24 c?.— Rosenth. 



Arzn. Gew. vii. t. 25. — A. vulgare Lamk. — A. op. cit, 529. 



VOL. VII. N 



