LXIII. RUBIACE^ 



I. MADDER SERIES. 



The name of this family is derived from that of the Madder ' (fig. 

 223-230) which has generally 



hermaphrodite, more rarely uni- -??«5«« tinctorum. 



sexual, pentamerous and mono- 

 petaloiis flowers. The receptacle, 

 in such a species as Faihia tinc- 

 torum, is in the form of a deep 

 pouch, nearly globular, slightly 

 compressed laterally. This pouch 

 encloses the ovary, and at its 

 margin is inserted the corolla.^ 

 The latter is gamopetalous, 

 regular, with a short wide tube, 

 and limb deeply divided into five 

 valvate lobes, one of which is 

 anterior, two are lateral and 

 two posterior. On the tube are 

 inserted five alternipetalous 

 stamens, formed each of a fila- 

 ment and a bilocular introrse 

 anther dehiscing by two longi- 

 tudinal clefts.^ The ovary, in- 

 ferior, is surmounted by an epigynous disk, encircling the base of a 



Fig. 223. Branch (i). 



1 Rubia T. Inst. 113, t. 37.— L. Gen. n. 127.— 

 J. Gen. 197.— Lamk. Diet. ii. 604; Suppl. ii. 

 705 ; III. t. 60.— GiERTN. Fruct. iii. t. 195.— 

 DC. Prodi: iv. 588 (part).— A. EiCH. Monogr. 

 Riibiac. 52, t. 1 (ex Mem. Soc. d' Hist. Nat. Par. 

 V.).— Spach, Suit, a Buffon, viii. 470. — Endl. 

 Ge». n. 3101.— Payer, Orgamg. 633, t. 129.— 

 B. H. Gen. ii. 149, n. 329.— Hook. Fl. Ind. iii. 

 202. — Aparine Adaxs. Fam. des PI. ii. 144 (incl. : 

 Callipeltis Stev. Bidgmcea Hook. f. Galium T. 

 Mericarpiea Boiss. Rdbunium Endl. Valantia L.). 



VOL. VII. 



2 Around the hase is a small border usually 

 described as a limb of the calyx, entire or *' ob' 

 solete." It is then supposed that the greater 

 part of the calyx envelopes the ovary to which 

 it is *' adherent," and it is called the "calycinal 

 tube ; " expressions which indicate hypotheses 

 not justified by facts. The border referred to 

 is that of the receptacular orifice. 



3 In Rubia the pollen has more than three 

 folds. In R. tinctorum, there are six or seven, 

 according to H. Moiil {Ami. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iii. 



S 



