372 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



236). Many South American Ruhiacece are considered poisonous, par- 

 ticularly Uragoga ruellicefolia,^ noxia ^ and Marcgravii,^ andBothriospora 

 coxymhosa,^ by using the wood of which as spits for roasting their 

 meat the Indians are poisoned. In India Genipa dumetorum ^ is used 

 to intoxicate fish ; the pounded root is thrown into the stream and 

 produces the same effects as the Cocculus of the Levant. The root of 

 Morinda Royoc,^ an American species, is said to be a violent purgative. 

 Various parts of M, citrifolia ^ (fig. 275, 276) and ill. umhellata ^ are 

 used in tropical Asia in the treatment of dysentery. Ruhia noxia ^ is 

 reported in Brazil as extremely poisonous . 



The Madders have quite different properties. That of the dyers ^° 

 (fig. 223-230) is astringent ; it is considered tonic, diuretic, aperitive, 

 emmenagoguic ; its root has been extolled as a specific against rickets, 

 epilepsy and other nervous affections. Ruhia cordifolia,^^ an Asiatic 

 species, is said to be purgative, aperitive, emmenagoguic. The Ruhias 

 of the section Galium are said to cure certain nervous disorders. R, 

 Mollugo ^^ has been extolled for epilepsy and gout ; R, vera ^^ for 

 epilepsy, hysteria, convulsions ; R. gra^ca for haemorrhage and flux ; 

 R. cruciata^'^ as astringent and vulnerary; R. rigida^^ as antiepileptic, 

 and many others as astringents. Several have been indicated as 



A. S.-H. sexangularis Aubl. latifolia Aubl. lon- 

 gifolia Aubl. prostrata Aubl. radicans Aubl. 

 ccBrulescens Aubl. are also used as Ipecacuanha, 

 in various parts of tropical America. 



1 Cephcelis ruellia-foUa Cham, et Schlchtl, 

 Zinncea (1829), 134.— DC. Prodr. iv. 533, n. 4. 

 The seed is used to kill rats and mice. 



2 Psychotria noxia A. S.-H. PI. Rem. Bres. 

 234, t. 21, fig. A.— DC. Frodr. iv. 508, n. 41. 



3 Falicourea Marcgravii A. S.-H. PI. Rem. Bres. 

 281, t. 22, fig. A.— DC. Prodr. iv. 525, n. 5.— 

 RosENTH. op. cit. 326. — Galvania Vellosi Rcem. 

 et ScH. — F!rva do rato Marcgr. Bras. 60, fig. 2. 



^ Hook. f. Icon. t. 1069. — Euosmia corymbosa 

 Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 219. 



* Randia dumetorum Lamk. III. t. 156, fig. 4. 

 — R. spinosa Bl. Bijdr. 981. — Ceriscus malabari- 

 cus G^RTN. Fruct. i. i. 28, 140. — Fosoqmria 

 dumetorum Roxb. FL Ind. ii. 564. — Canthium 

 coronatum Lamk. Diet. i. 602. 



6 L. Spec. 250.— Jacq. Bort. Vindoh. t. 16.— 

 Roioc humifnsum fructu cupressiuo Plum. Gen. 

 11, t. 26. 



7 L. Spec. 250.— Gjertn. Fruct. i. 144, t. 29.— 

 RosENTH. op. cit, 331.— J/, bracteata Roxb. (ex 



KuRZ, For. Fl. Brit. Burm. ii. 60). This plant 

 has been introduced into America. 



' L. Spec. 250.— DC. Prodr. iv. 449, n. 22.— 

 M. tetrandra J ACK. (ex Kurz). 



9 A. S.-H. PL Rem. Bres. 229.— DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 592, n. 37. A species with trinerved leaves. 



10 Rubia tinctonim L. Spec. 158. — Iuauy.. III. t. 

 60, fig. 1.— Hayn. Arzn. xi. t. 5.— DC. Prodr. 

 n. 11. — Gben. et Gobr. Fl.de Fr. ii. 13. — Guib. 

 op. cit. iii. 81. — Rosenth. op. cit. 321. — Berg et 

 ScHM. Darst. Off. Gew. t. 30 b. — R. sylvestris 

 Mill. Diet. n. 1. 



11 L. Mantiss. 197.— DC. Prodr. n. 1.— Pall. 

 Voy. t. L, fig. 1 ; ed. fr. t. 92. 



12 Galium Mollugo L. Spec. 155.— DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 596, n. 18. — G. erec'tum Huds. — Gren. et 

 GoDR. Fl. de Fr. ii. 23. — G. elatum Thuill. Fl. 

 Par. 76. — G. boreale Lapeyr. (not L.). 



13 G. verum L. Spec. 155. — DC. Prodr. n. 77. 

 — G. luteum Mcench. 



!•* G. Cruciata Scop. Fl. Cam. i. 100.— H. Bn. 

 Diet. Encycl. Sc. Med. art. Galium. — Valantia 

 Cruciata L. Spec. 1491. 



1* G. rigidum Ait. liort. Kew. i. 144. 



