374 



NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



and hypocarpia,^ In the section Galium there are also a great many 

 tinctorial species, but less used : B, horealis,^ sylvatica,^ galioides,"^ 

 tatarica,^ Gruciata, Mollitgo, Linnceana ^ and B. vera, the yellow flowers 

 of which are used to dye stuffs and, it is said, to colour Cheshire 

 cheese. Several Asperulas are also used in dyeing : A. odorata, 

 arvensis/ tinctoria,^ Icevigata,^ Aparine ^° and cynancMca. Other series 

 of the family likewise include tinctorial plants : Ghaya-vair, the root 

 of Oldenlandia umheUata,^^ an article of extensive commerce on the 

 Coromandel coast, and 0. alata and crystallina ; Morindaf often rich 

 in yellow or red colours, particularly M. citrifolia, above mentioned, 

 and M, Boyoc, scaiidens, tetrandra, angustifolia, wnhellata, tinctoria, 

 Mudia, Ghachuca, hracteata. At Fernando-Po, UrophjUum rubens ^^ is 

 employed to dye stuffs red. At Malabar, the bark of Hydrophijlax 

 maritima ^^ also gives a red dye ; in Peru that of Uragoga tinctoria,^^ in 

 Guyana that of U. Simira ;^^ in tropical Asia several Genipas of the 

 section Gardenia, as G.grandiflora, arborea; in Americsi G. Br aziliensis, 

 the dye of which is a dark blue ; G. Garuto ^^ and oblong if olia,^'^ which 

 also yield dyes. Several Sambucece have colouring properties. The 

 wood of the Black Elder '^ (fig. 387-389) yields, with alum, a yellowish 

 brown colour, and with salts of iron a grayish brown. Its leaves and 

 flowers are used to colour wax yellow ; its fruit to deepen the colour 



1 DO. Prodr, iv. 591, n. 32.— JS. Brownei 

 Spreng. (part) Syst. 397. — Valantia hypocarpia 

 L. Spec. 1491.— Sw. Obs. 381. 



2 G. boreale L. Spec. 156. — Gren. et Godr. 

 Fl. de Fr. ii. 17. 



3 L. Spec. 155.— DO. Prodr. n. b%.—G. atro- 

 virens Lap. Abr. Pyr. Suppl. 22. 



* G. rubioides L. Spec. 152.— DC. Prodr. n. 43. 

 — BuxB. Cent. ii. t. 29. 



5 G. tataricum Trev. Mag. Nat. Cur. Per. 

 (1815) 146.— DC. Prodr. n. 41. 



^ G. tinctorium L. Spec. 153. — DC. Prodr. n. 

 31.— ToRR. Fl. Unit. St. i. 166. 



^L. Spec. 150.— DC. Prodr. iv. 581, n. 1. 

 — Gren. et. Godr. Fl.de Fr. ii. 49. — A. ccerulea 



MCENCH. 



» L. Spec. 150.— DC. Prodr. n. 8.— Gren. et 

 Godr. loc. cit. 47. 



^ L. Mantiss. 38. — A. rotundifolia L. — Galium 

 rotundifolium L. 



10 BiEB. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 102 ; Suppl. 105.— 



G. uliginosum Pall. 



" L. Spec. 174.— DC. Prodr. iv. 426, n. 22.— 

 GuiB. op. cit. iii. 83. 



12 Benth. Eook. Niger Flora, 396.— Hiern, 

 Fl. Trop. Afr. iii. 73, n. 4. 



13 See page 444, note 7. 



1'* Psychotria tinctoria R. et Pav. — Rosenth. 

 op. cit. 326. 



1^ P. Simira R(em. et Sch. Syst. v. 187.— P. 

 parvijlora W. Spec. i. 962. — Simira tinctoria 

 AuBL. Guian. i. 170, t. Q5. 



16 H. B. K. ex DC. Prodr. iv. 378, n. 2. 



17 R. et Pay. Fl. Per. ii. 67, t. 220, fig. a.— 

 DC. Prodr. n. 4. 



^^ Sambucus nigra L. Spec. 385. — Ditham. 

 Arbr. ii. t. 65; ed. 2, i. t. 55.— DC. Prodr, 

 iv. 322, n. 9.— Gren. et Godr. Flora de Fr. ii. 

 7. — GuiB. op. cit. iii. 193. — Berg, et Schm. 

 Burst. Off. Gew. t. 15 d. — Fluck. et Hanb. 

 Pharmacogr. 297. — S. vulgaris Lamk. Fl. Fr. 

 iii. 369. 



