376 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



has similar properties. A^. jmrpurea,^ from India, is an astringent 

 medicine. The Koss ^ wood of Senegal is furnished by N. {Mitragijne) 

 iiiermis (fig. 354) ; its bark is used by the natives as a febrifuge. 

 Perhaps it is the African N. orientalis of which Mungo Park ' speaks 

 as employed in fumigations for reducing fever and which has also been 

 referred to Sarcocephalits esculentus. Of S. Cadamha,^ of India, extolled 

 as a remedy for diarrhoea and colic, it is the fruit that is used. 



Among the Ruhiece there are some astringent plants : Ruhia grmca,^ 

 a remed}^ for haemorrhage and flux; R. cruciata, which our ancestors 

 employed as a dressing for wounds, also R. vera, Asperala odorata 

 (fig. 231) and angustifoUa have similar properties. Futoria calahnca^ 

 is employed in the Mediterranean region as a gentle astringent. In 

 the United States, Ceplialantlms occidentalism (fig. 345-348), the bark 

 of which is bitter and astringent, is locally applied in the treatment 

 of skin diseases; it has also been considered antisyphilitic. Several 

 Uragogas of the section Palicourea are astringent. Others are 

 evacuants like the Ipecacuanhas;^ others again are poisonous.^ Of 

 the Ixoras some are astringent, others diuretic. The root of I. (pavetta) 

 indica ^^ (fig. 257-259) is bitter- aromatic ; it is extolled in Malabar 

 for dysentery, head-ache, intestinal obstruction, erysipelas, haemor- 

 rhoids. I, stricta '^ is renowned in Java as a stimulant. In India I, 

 Bandhucca ^- is prescribed for diarrhoea, intermittent fevers and cuta- 



J RoxB. PL Corom. i. 41, t. 54 ; Fl. Ind. ii. Eandb. t. 5, 21.— Lois. Herb. Amat. t. 272.— 



123. — Cephalanthus chinen.sis Lamk. (part) Did. DC. Prodr. iv. 538, n. 1. — C. oppositifolius 



i. 678 (ex DC. Prodr. iv. 346, n. 24). Mosnch. Meth. 487. 



2 Or Xosse of the Spaniards, Josse Guib. 8 gee Rosenth. op. cit. 325. Also several 

 Brog. Simpl. (ed. 6) iii. 191. — H. Bn. £ull. Soc. species of the section CephoBlis {C. muscosa Sw. 

 Lwn. Par. 201. gutanensis AvRh. asthmatica Vahl) and Geophila 



3 Ex HiERN, Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. 261. macropoda DC. and renifonnis Schlchtl, which 

 "» KuRz, For. Fl. Brit. Burin, ii. 62. — Nauclea are herbaceous Uragogas. 



Cadamba Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 121. — DC. Prodr. ^ In Brazil there is a Psychotria toxica A. 



iv. 344, n. 8. — Anthocephalus ? Cadarhha Miq. S.-H. No>iatelia officinalis Aubl. which with 



Fl. Ind.'Bat. ii. 135. — Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. us is also a Tlragoga, is considered an evacuant, 



t. 33. — Katon-jaka Rheed. Hort. Malab. iii. t. aromatic medicine and is used in the treatment 



33 (ex DC). of asthma. 



° Qalium giacum L. Mantiss. 38. — Sibth. Fl. '" /. Pavetta Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 395. — I. pant' 



Grtec. t. 136. — Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1373. culata Lamk. — Pavetta indica L. Spec. 160. — 



6 Pers. Syn. i. 524.— DC. Prodr.iv. 577, n. 1. Ker, Bot. Req. t. 198.— P. alba Vahl. 



— Asperula calabrica L. p. Suppl. 120. — Lher. i^ Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 384.—/. coceinea Curt. 



St. Nov. i. t. Z2.—Sherardia foetida Lamk. Pict. Bot. Mag. t. 169 (ex DC Prodr. iv. 486, n. 3).— 



iv. 326. — Pavetta faetidissima Cyr. — Ernodea I. Jlamtnea Sausb. (ex DC). 

 montana Sibth. et Sm. — Louicera sicula Ucr. ^^ jRoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 386.— DC. Prodr. n. 2. — /. 



(ex Guss.). coccima L. — Bandhuca Jones, As. Res. iv. 250. — 



7 L. Spec. 138.— Duham. Arbr. i. t. 54.— Schk. Sclutti Rheed. Eort. Malab. ii. 13,t. 12 (ex Ham.). 



