378 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



as an emmenagogue and antidiarrhoetic in Malabar. Wallichia 

 porphjjracea Mart./ which is a Urophijllum, is also an astringent in 

 Java; the buds are used. A decoction from the leaves of Isertia 

 coccinea,^ of tropical America, is used for fomentations and tonic 

 lotions ; ther wood is bitter and the bark is used in the treatment of 

 fevers and hepatitis. Several Oldenlandias are tonic and astringent, 

 particularly 0. verticillata L. and Hechjotis Auricularia L., which in 

 Java is reputed to cure deafness ; 0. umhellata, used in the treatment 

 of asthma and pulmonary affections ; 0. herhacea ^ which, mixed with 

 Santal, honey or Caraway, is prescribed for fevers ; 0. lactea, extolled 

 as an expectorant, and 0. alata and crystallina, substituted for 0, 

 umhellata. The Ophiorrhizas derive their name from their well- 

 established reputation in India and the neighbouring countries for 

 healing the bites of venomous animals; particularly 0, japonica^ 

 (fig. 321) and especially 0. Mungos,^ a species common in Java, 

 Sumatra and Ceylon. In Cayenne Sipanea pratensis ^ is administered 

 as an astringent for wounds, ulcers and urethral affections. Wend- 

 landia Lawsonice'^ is employed in Malabar as tonic, antispasmodic, 

 aromatic ; the bark and fruit are used. Rondeletia is similarly used ; 

 in Mexico and Brazil it is often substituted for quinquina as tonic ; 

 the principal species thus employed are R. fehrifiiga,^ odorata,^ ameri- 

 cana,^^ and some others which are said to yield an oil of Sainte-Marie. 

 This name, however, is reserved in preference for a kind of tonic 

 balm, used as a medicine, Aceite Maria, produced in Peru by Elceagia 

 MaricE,^^ and in New Granada by E. utilis,^^ Bouvardia Jacquini '^ 

 (fig. 315-317) and tri2:)htjlla ^^have also an astringent bark, considered 



* RosENTH. op. cit. 333. 8 Mart, ex Rosenth. op. cit. 335. 



2 Vahl, £cl. Amer. ii. 27.— DC. Prodr. iv. 9 Jacq. Amer. 59, t. 42.— H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 

 437, n. 1. — Guettarda coccinea Aubl. Guian. i. et Sp. iii. 394. — DC. Prodr. iv. 408, n. 15. — i?. 

 317, t. 123.— Lamk. III. t. 259. coccinea Sess. et M09. (ex DC). 



3 DC. Prodr. iv. 425, n. 8.— Rosenth. op. cit. 10 L. Spec. 243.— DC. Prodr. n. 12. R. jas- 

 334. — Hedyotis herbacca L. Fl. Zeyl. 65. minioidora Mack, (ex Rosenth. op. cit. 335) 



•* Bl. ex DC. Prodr. iv. 416, n. 13. mentioned as yielding an oil of Sainte-Marie, is 



* L. Amoen. ii, 117; Mat. Med. 27, icon. — perhaps an ^tea^ia. 



G^KTN. Fruct. i. t. 5o ?— DC. Prodr. n. 1.— " Wedd. Bist. Nat. Qtdnq. 94, not.— Walp. 



Rosenth, op. cit. 335. — Mxmgo K^mpf. Amoen. Ann. ii. 777. 



573, 577 {Rampaddu of the Malays). ^2 Wepd. loc. cit. — Condaminea utilis Goud. 



6 Aubl. Guian. 147, t. 56. — DC. Prodr. iv. 414, herb. {Arbol del cera). 



n. 1.— Rosenth. ojo. cit. 335. — Viretta pratensis i=*H. B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. 385. — Ixora 



Vahl, Eel. Amer. ii. 11. americana Jacq. Hort. Schcenbr. iii. t. 257. — /. 



7 DC. Prodr. iv. 413. — Zawsonia purpurea ternifolia Cav. Icon. iv. 3, t. 305 (ex DC). — 

 Lamk. Diet. iii. 107. — Poutaletsje Rheed. Sort. Houstonia coccinea Andr. Bot. Repos. t. 106. — 

 Malab. iv. t. 57 (Barsoti). W. tinctoria DC is Tlacoxochilt Hern. Mex. 231, icon. 



esteemed only for its colouring matter {Toola- " Tar. (?) of the preceding. Salisb. Par. 88. 



lodh of the Bengalese). — Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 107. 



