382 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



antisyphilitic. S. javanica and ausfralis are considered purifying and 

 diuretic. These properties in Triosteum perfoliatum,^ an American 

 plant with evacuant and diuretic root, are remarkable beside the 

 astringent and rich tannic matters contained by so many Ruhiacece, 

 Singular too is it that Viburnum, so near a neighbour of the Elders, 

 is indicated as comprising astringent plants. The leaves and fruit of 

 V. Lantana ^ are employed as such ; they are used in dyeing and 

 making ink. V. Opulus ^ is also a tinctorial species. 



Besides the astringent qualities possessed also in a high degree by 

 their bark, the Cinchonas^ have long been celebrated for their febrifuge 

 properties. The first of these valuable plants known in Europe was 

 Cinchona officinalis^ (fig. 339, 340). The first trial was made in 

 Madrid in 1639, a year after the famous cure of the wife of the viceroy 

 of Peru, L. G. F. de Cabrera y Bobadilla, fourth Count de Chincon, 

 whose name, somewhat altered, Linn^us gave to the genus. It was 

 only a few years previous to this that the Spaniards became acquainted 

 with the Cinchonas, although the conquest dated from 1513, which 

 goes to prove that the natives were in complete ignorance of the 

 properties of these plants which many of them still regard as more 

 dangerous than useful. Almost the only purpose for which they know 

 them is for dyeing, several of them being rich in colouring matter. 

 It was not till 1742 that the genus Cinchona was established, and it 



1 L. Spec. 250.— BiGBL. Med. Bot.i. 90, t. 9.— ser. 3, i. 272.— Del. et Bouch. Qiiiml. (Paris, 

 LiNDL. FL Med. 445.— DC. Frodr. iv. 330, n 1. 1854).— Wedd. Sist. Nat. Quinq. (Paris, 1849); 

 — T. maj'us Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. i. 107. — Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, xi. 346 ; xii. 24. — Karst. 

 (?) T. angiistifolium Vahl, Symb. iii. 37 {IptcacU' Med. Chin. N.-Gran. (Berlin, 1858) ; FL Colomb. 

 anha de Virginie, Wild Ipecacuanha, Fever root). (1854) 2 vol. pass. — How. III. Nuev. Quin. Pav. 



2 L. Spec. 384.— Gr. et Godr. FL de Fr. ii. 8. (Lond. 1862); Quin. E. Ind. Plant. (Lond. 1869). 

 — F, grandifolium Sm. — V. tomentosum Lamk. — Markh. (C. R.) Chin. Sp. N.-Gran. (Lond. 

 {Viorne Mantanne, Moinsinne, Mansienne, Mar- 1867), — M.IQ.. De Cinch. Sp. Quibusd. Ann. Mus. 

 selle, Coudre-Mansian)ie, Hardeau, Bardeau, Bour- Lugd.-Bat. (1869). 



daine blanche, Valinie). = L. Syst.^edt.. 10) 929 ; Spec. (ed. 1) 172, (ed. 



3 L. Spec. 384.— Gr. et Godr. loc. cit. 8.— T. 2) 244.— Hook. BoL Mag. t. 5364.— Trj. Notw. 

 lobatum Lamk. (Sureau aquatique, des marais, Etud.Qnin. {^axis, \%10) 5^. — Fluck. et Hanb. 

 Obier, Caillebot^ Rose d'iete). V. odoratissimum Pharm. 303, 318. — MiQ. loc. cit. 13. — GuiB. /V)c. 

 Ker, of China diudt. cassinoides L. of N. America cit. 145, fig. 618, 619. — C. Condaminea H.B. PL 

 are used for aromatic and stimulating infusions ^quin. i. 33, t. 10. — DC. Frodr. iv. 352, n. 1. — 

 like tea. Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quin. 32, t. 4, 4 bis, 5.—C. Uri- 



* IjAub. Cinchon. {Lond. 17 97). — Endl. ^«c/iir. tusinga Pav. loc. cit. — Tri. L c. — Quina-quina 



276.— LiNDL. Veg. Eingd. 762 ; FL Med. 406.— la Condam. AcL dead. Par. (1738) 114 {Q. de 



Planch. (G.) Des Quinq. (Paris, 1864); Guib. Loxa, Cahuarguera Colorado del Bey, Camarilla 



Brag. SiinpL (ed. 7) iii. 102; Diet. Enc. Sc. Med. del Beg, Crown-bark, Pale bark, Q. Palton). 



