RUBIAOEJR. 



383 



was twenty years later when Lopez and Mutis discovered G. lancifolia,^ 

 pitayensis,^ &c. in New Grenada. About the same period Euiz and 

 Pavon, a Httle later Rengifo, discovered other species in Peru, 

 particularly those called Huanuco, and especially the best red variety 

 known, C. succiruhra ^ (fig. 341). As recently as 1847 H. A.Weddell 

 discovered, in Bolivia, the most southern and best yellow kind which 

 he named G, Galisaya^ (fig. 833-338). Now, the species of Cinchona^ 

 richest in active alkaloids ^ have been planted in abundance in the 

 Indian possessions of England and Holland and their cultivation is 

 commenced in some of the French colonies. 



Many barks of false Ginchonas have been extolled ; they are often 

 rich in astringent principles but generally contain little or no alkaloid. 

 They belong to the genera Exo sterna,'^ Gascarilla,^ Ladenbergia,* 



1 MuT. Period. S.-F4 (1793) n. 3, 465.— H. 

 Mag. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. (1807) 116.— Guib. I. c. 

 152.— Karst. Fl. Colomb. i. t. 11, 12 ; ii. 21.— 

 Tiu. Nouv. Etud. 68. — CamygdalifoliaW^Di). — 

 C. angustifolia K. et Pay. Suppl. 14 {Quiiia pH- 

 mitiva MuT. Q. jaune orange de Mutis, Q. spon- 

 gieux de Carthagene, Q. Colombia off.). 



2 Wedd. Jnn. So. Nat. ser. 3, xi. 269.— Glib. 

 I. c. 156. — Tri. Nouv. Etud. 61. — C. lanceolata 

 Benth. (not Pay.). — G. Triance Karst. Fl. Col. 

 t. 45 {Quin. Pitayo, Pitaya, red and brown Car- 

 thagena, Almaguer, Q. d'Aittioquia). Weddell 

 unites this plant with C. rugosa Pay. (C. Mutisii, 

 Yar. rugosa, G. Pl.), in which he includes C. 

 Mutisii Lamb, hirsuta Pay. Pahudiana How. 

 carabayensis We on. and Humboldt iana Lamb. 



3 Pay. ex How. III. N. Quin. n. 9. — Guib. op. 

 cit. 169.— Hanb. op. cit. 303, 318.— C. ovata 

 erythroderma Wedd. Qidnq. 61 {Cascarilla colo- 

 rada de Huaranda, China rubra, Red Cinchona, 

 Red bark, Cascarilla roxa verdadera, Q. rouge 

 verruqueux and non verruqueux, Q. rouge vif and 

 rouge p&le), 



* Wedd. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, x. 6 ; Eist. Nat. 

 Quinq. 30, t. 3, 4 ; 28, fig. 1-4.— Tri. /. c. 65.— 

 Guib. op. cit. 140, fig. 617.— Berg et Schm. 

 Darst. Of. Gew.t. U6.—C. bollviana Wedd. (Q. 

 Jaune royal, Royal yellow bark, Bolivian bark, 



Cortex Chinee regius). Weddell has also made 

 known the var./osej9Aia;^fl!, ashrub of low stature. 



* Particularly, besides those mentioned here- 

 after, C. macrocalyx Pay. Pahudiana How. 

 micrantha R. et Pay. nitida R. et Pay. ovata R. 

 et Pay. rotundifolia Pay. obovata Pay. &c. 



* Particularly quinidine and quinine 



(C-°H24N202), and cinchonidine and cinchonine 

 (C20H24N2O), and quinamine (C^oH^^N^O^). In 

 the experience of the goYemment of Madras, 

 the alcaloids presenting the least percentage of 

 failures in the treatment of fevers are, Quinine 

 7 per cent. Quinidine 6 per cent. 



7 E. angustifoUum R. et Sch. yields a febri- 

 fuge and tonic bark [Cortex Chinee angustifolia 

 V. surinamensis), as also F, brachycarpum, of 

 Jamaica, E. llneatum R. et Sch. {Ecorce de Ste,- 

 Lucie), F. peruvianum H. B. [Quinquina duPerou) 

 E. cuspidatum A. S.-H. {Quina do mato), E. Sou- 

 zanum Mart. {Quina do Piauhy) E. formosum 

 Ch. et ScHLCHTL {Quina do Rio-de-Janeiro) E. 

 longijlorum R. et Sch. {Chi)ia caribcea spuria oS.) 

 and E. triflorum {Cinchona trijlora Wright). 



8 C. magnifolia Wedd. (C magnifolia R, et 

 Pay. — C. oblongifoUa Mut. — Buena magnifolia 

 Wedd.) yields the red Quinquina of Mutis 

 (Guib. I. c. 179, fig. 625). C. macrocarpaWisiiij), 

 (Buena macrocarpaW^DD. — C. macrocarpaVAUjj. 

 — ? C. ovalifolia Mut.) produces the white Q. 

 of Mutis (Guib. I.e. 182, fig. 626). Triana 

 has given {Nouv. Etud. 69) the list of Colum- 

 bian Cascarillas. 



9 A spurious Brazilian quinquina {China nova 

 hrasiliinsis, C. de Rio-Janeiro) has been attri- 

 buted to L. hexandra Kl. {Buena hexandra 

 Pohl). X. ovalifolia Kl. yields the Cascarilla 

 peluda of Cuen9a. Other spurious quinquinas 

 are produced by L. cava Kl. Lambertiana Kl. 

 Riedeliana Kl. oblongifoUa Kx. obtusifolia Kl. 

 macrocarpa Kl. dichotoma Kl. stenocarpa Kl. 

 and acutifolia Kl. (Rosenth. op. cit. 344-346), 

 many of which are Cascarillas or Lasionemas. 



