128 GROUPS AND ORDERS OF APETALOUS EXOGENS. 



Subclass III. Apktalous Exogenous Plants. 



Corolla none ; the floral envelopes consisting of a single series (which is 

 regarded as calyx, but often called perigoniujn), or sometimes entirely 

 wanting (or achlamydeous). 



CONSPECTUS OF THE GROUPS AND ORDERS. 



GROf P 1 . Flowers perfect, with a conspicuous or colored calyx. Ovary Beveral-celled, many-ovuled. Capsule or berry 



many-seeded. — Herbs or climbing shrubs. 

 Order 82. Aristolochi.icejE. Calyx often petaloid ; the aestivation valvate. Stamens adherent to the base of the 

 style : stigmas radiate. Capsule or berry 3 - 6-celled, many-seeded. 



Gaoi7F 2. Flowers perfect or rarely polygamous, with a regular and often petaloid calyx : ovules solitary in each ovary 

 or cell. Embryo curved around mealy albumen, rarely in the axis. — Chiefly herbs. 

 * Ovary one-celled, with a single ovule. 



83. Chenopodiaceje. Calyx persistent ; the stamens as many as its lobes, or fewer, and inserted at their base. 



Fruit an utricle. — Chiefly weed-like herbs, with small flowers. 



84. AMARANTHACEa:. Calyx of 3 - 5 dry scarious sepals. Stamens 5 or more, distinct or monadelphous, hypo- 



gynous : anthers often one-celled. Fruit an utricle. — Herbs ; the flowers imbricated with scarious 

 bracts. 



85. PoLYGONACE^. Stamens inserted on the calyx. Fruit a caryopsis or achenium, compressed or triangular. 



Embryo curved or sometimes nearly straight, on the outside (rarely in the midst) of starchy albumen. 

 — Herbs, with sheathing stipules (ochreie). 



** Ovary compound, consisting of a whorl of several one-seeded carpels. 



86. Phttolaccaceje. Berry 7 - 10-celled; the cells 1-seeded. 



Gbotjp 3. Flowers perfect or sometimes polygamous, not disposed in aments. Calyx regular and often petaloid. Ovary 

 1- (rarely 2-) celled, with a solitary ovule, or but one in each cell. Embryo not coiled around albumen. — 

 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. 



87. Lacracej:. Calyx of 4 - 6 somewhat united sepals, in a double series, free from the ovary. Stamens usually 



more numerous than the sepals : anthers opening by recurved valves. Fruit a berry or drupe. — 

 Trees or shrubs. 



88. Santalacej:. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary; the limb valvate; the base lined with a fleshy often lobed 



disk. Stamens opposite the lobes of the calyx. Ovary one-ctlled. Fruit indehisccnt, crowned with 

 the limb of the calyx. Seeds albuminous. — Trees, shrubs, or sometimes herbs. Leaves alternate, 

 entire. 



89. Thymelaceje. Calyx petaloid, imbricated in testivation ; the tube free. Stamens often twice as many as the 



lobes of the calyx. Ovary with a single pendulous ovule. Seed without albumen. — Shrubs with 

 a tough bark. 



90. Eleaonaceje. Flowers mostly dia3cious. Calyx-tube free. Stamens as many as the calyx-lobes and alternate 



with them, or twice as many. Ovary one-celled, with a single erect ovule. Fruit an achenium, 

 enclosed in the berry-like calyx-tube. Seeds albuminous. — Shrubs ; the foliage and branches scaly, 



91. Ulmace^e. Calyx free from the ovary, 4 - 5-cleft, imbricated in sestivation. Ovary 1 - 2-celled, with a single 



suspended ovule in each cell : styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or drupe. — Trees or shrubs, with 

 rough alternate leaves, and small flowers in axillary clusters. 

 Grohp 4. Flowers ])erfect, destitute of both calyx and corolla. Embryo minute, included in the persistent sac of the 

 amnios at the apex of the albumen. — Herbs or somewhat shrubby plants. 



92. Saurxjeaceje. Stamens definite. Ovary of 3 - 5 partly united carpels, each with few ascending ovules. Fruit 



dry or somewhat baccate, with one or few seeds in each carpel. — Herbs with alternate entire leaves, 

 and flowers in racemes or spikes. 



