QuERcus. CUPULIFER^. 189 



deeply lobed as they are represented in the North American Sylva. The figure in that work 

 is tiiought by Elliott and some other botanists to belong to a distinct species. The bark of 

 the Black Oak yields the valuable yellow dye called quercitron, and is also much used in 

 tanning. The wood is reddish, coarse-grained, and possesses considerable strength, but is 

 much inferior to the White Oak. It conslilutes a good part of our oak firewood. 



4. QuERCus cocciNEA, Waugh. Scarlet Oak. 



Leaves on long peiioles, deeply sinuate-lobed, smooth on both sides ; the lobes divaricate, 

 toothed, setaceously mucronale ; nut roundish-ovoid, about one-third immersed in the turbinate 

 cup. — Wang. Amer. t. 4./. 5 ; Michx. Querc. t. 31 - 32, and Jl. 2. p. 199 ; Pursh, fl. 2. 

 p. 630 ; Bigel. fl. Host. p. 351 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 602 ; Michx. f. sylv. \.t.25 (fruit, pi. 24) ; 

 Torr. compend. p. 358 ; Beck, hot. p. 329 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 532. 



A tree 50 - 80 feet high and 2-3 feet or more in diameter. Leaves 4-8 inches long, 

 oblong in the outline, smooth and shining on both sides, bright green, with 3 or 4 lobes on 

 each side ; the sinuses extending two-thirds of the way to the midrib, broad or truncate at 

 the base: petioles 1^-3 inches long. Acorns nearly sessile; the cup very thick, with 

 conspicuous triangular-ovate scales : nut middle-sized, sometimes nearly one-half immersed 

 in the cup. Kernel while. 



Moist rich woods ; common. Fl. May. Fr. October. The bark of this oak is valuable for 

 tanning. The wood is much used by coopers, but is not durable when exposed to the weather. 



5. QuERCUS RUBRA, Linn. (Plate CVL) Jiecl Oak. 



Leaves on long petioles, deep'y sinuate-lobed, the sinuses rather acute, smooth on both 

 sides ; the lobes spreading, somewhat toothed and setaceously mucronate ; cup saucer-shaped, 

 nearly smooth ; nut oblong-ovoid. — Linn. sp. 2. p. 996 ; Michx. Querc. t. 35 - 36, and fl. 

 2. p. 200 ; Pursh, fl 2. p. 630 ; Bigel. fl. Bust. p. 351 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 602 ; Michx. f. 

 sylv. 1. i. 28 ; Torr. compend. p. 358 ; Beck, bot. p. 329 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 532 ; Hook, 

 fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 158. 



A tree 50 — 80 feet high and 2-4 feet in diameter. Leaves 6-9 inches long and 3-5 

 inches wide, the outline oblong ; the lobes extending about half way to the midrib, with narrow 

 sinuses, smooth on both sides, except a little pubescence in the axils underneath : peiioles 

 1-2 inches long. Acorns closely sessile ; the cup fiat and very shallow ; the scales small 

 and very closely imbricated : nut often an inch or more in length, rounded at the summit. 



Rocky woods, particularly below the Highlands ; common near New- York. Fl. IVfay. 

 Fr. October. The bark is good for tanning ; but the wood is not durable, though it is much 

 used as cooper's stuff. 



