MAGNETIC OXIDE OF IRON. 17 



and sixty-seven feet, and its width five hundred and fourteen feet. According to Dr. Emmons, 

 if we merely estimate the amount of ore at the depth of two feet from the surface, we shall 

 find it to be 6,832,734 tons, a large proportion of which may be raised without the use of 

 powder. This entire deposit is said to be free from iron pyrites, and from all substances 

 known to exert an injurious influence on iron. The associated minerals are hypersthene, 

 labradorite, hornblende and common feldspar.* 



In a specimen of this ore which I examined, I found 92.15 per cent of magnetic oxide of 

 iron, and the remainder earthy matters, principally silica. 



There are outcrops of ore, similar in character to that just described, at the distance of a 

 mile and a half, and on the opposite side of the lake, in the direction of Hill's island. Dr. 

 Emmons supposes these to be prolongations of the Sandford vein, and if so, its whole length 

 is two and a half miles. 



In the immediate vicinity of the present works is a deposit of magnetic oxide of iron, which 

 has been called the vein of coarse grained black ore, from the colour and coarsely gi'anular 

 te.xture of the ore. The grains are larger than those of the Sandford ore. The extent of 

 the vein has not been accurately determined, but it has been traced in the direction of its 

 strike 3168 feet, while its width has been ascertained to be more than 700 feet. Hypersthene, 

 labradorite, serpentine in small masses, and occasionally iron pyrites, are found associated 

 with this ore ; the iron obtained from which is remarkable for its toughness and ductility.! 



In addition to the preceding, there is in this immediate vicinity a vein of fine grained ore, 

 more or less mixed with iron pyrites. This vein has been traced 7742 feet, and is about 70 

 feet in width. There are also veins of less extent near the village of Mclntyre. One is on 

 the west side of Lake Henderson, about three quarters of a mile from the works. It is a 

 fine gi-ained ore, and is thought to be worthy of exploration. There is another on the west 

 side of Lake Sandford, which is quite extensive ; and still another on the east side of the 

 Sandford hill, which is supposed to be a continuation of the vein of the same name. Its extent 

 is not known. 



There are one or two apparently important deposits of magnetic oxide of iron in the vicinity 

 of Brant lake. 



Clinton County. This county is peculiarly rich in localities of the magnetic oxide of 

 iron. Among these, the most extraordinary is that which is knovm by the name of the Arnold 

 Bed ; the ore from which has long enjoyed a high reputation, that analysis shows to be well 

 deserved. Indeed, I think it may be safely asserted, that it is one of the purest and best ores 

 that is now known. 



The Arnold Mine is situated in a mountain of gneiss, about three miles northwest of Clin- 

 tonville. It has been traced nearly three quarters of a mile, in a direction vaiying but little 

 from north and south. There are three parallel veins which constitute the mine, and the ore 



*■ Emmons. Neiv-York Gcf>los;kal Reports^ 1840. 



t Sen llie experiments of Prof. W.iUer R. Johnson, (Rioted by Dr. Emmons, New-York Geological Reports^ 1840. 



Part I. 3 



