148 ECONOMICAL MINERALOGY. 



hundred feet in depth, which was commenced by the Messrs. Longmuir, in the hope of ob- 

 taining a supply of pure water for their brewery in the immediate vicinity. One of the pro- 

 prietors informed me that the evolution of sulphuretted hydrogen was first observed at the 

 depth of fifty feet below the surface, which would be within the strata of calciferous slate. 



The temperature of Longmuir's spring is usually 52° F. The water, when heated to about 

 100°, deposits sulphur and carbonate of lime. The specific gravity is 1.00407. One pint 

 of this water contains 



Carbonates of lime and magnesia, with a trace of oxide of iron, 1 . 48 grains. 



Chloride of sodiiuu, 6.52 " 



Sulphate of soda, 6.99 " 



14.99 grs. 

 Gaseous contents, sulphuretted hydrogen, 2.16 cubic inches, 

 with a small quantity of carbonic acid. 



To show how abundantly sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved in this district, it is only neces- 

 sary to notice the Caledonia springs in the town of Wheatland, where a large volume of water 

 gushes out of the earth, forming a stream nearly one quarter of the size of the Genesee river 

 at Rochester, the whole being slightly impregnated with this gas. 



Livingston County. Some of the most interesting and valuable sulphur springs which 

 this State possesses, are found in this county. Those situated near the village of West- Avon, 

 are particularly deserving of notice. Three springs have already been discovered here ; and 

 as their chemical composition does not materially differ, it is probable that they exert similar 

 effects on the animal economy. 



The first spring is called the Avon New Bath Spring, and was discovered by the present 

 proprietor in 1835. Its depth is about thirty-six feet; and the formation through which the 

 water rises, is the calciferous slate, similar to that found at Rochester. The temperature of 

 this spring is about 50° F. ; the specific gi-avity of the water, 1 .00356. • 



One pint of water from the Avon New Spring contains 



Carbonate of lime, 3. 37 grains. 



Sulphate of lime, 0.44 " 



Sulphate of magnesia 1.01 " 



Sulphate of soda, 4.84 " 



Chloride of sodium, 0.71 " 



10.37 grains. 

 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 3.91 cubic inches. 



Tlw Middle-, Spring is Situated about tliirty rods east of the former. Its temperature is 51° 

 K. The following, according to Prof. Hadley, is the composition of a pint of this water : 



