132 CHAMPLAIN DIVISION. 



below tlic drift sand and clays of the valley ; and as the slates are absent, or distant two 

 miles at least, we may also infer that the waters do not originate in them, but probably 

 are connected with or rise out of the fault or fracture which has been already described. 

 I made many careful observations on the temperature of all these springs, which I deem 

 proper to insert in this place. 



The temperature of Congress spring was 50° Depth 12 feet. 



Washington .. 49 ..22 



Hamilton .. 49 ..16 



Putnam .. 49 ..20 



Pavilion .. 48i ..38 



Flatrock ._. 50 ..14 



Highrock .. 5U ..8 



Iodine .. 50 .. 7 



The Pavilion spring constantly overflows, and resembles a boiling fountain, from the 

 rapid rise and escape of carbonic acid. Putnam spring rises out of sand. Washington 

 spring rises out of a blue clay and pebbles : this is ferruginous. 



One mile northeast from the springs whose temperatures I have just given, are ten other 

 springs, whose general character is the same. The temperature is as follows : 



Brook spring 51° • 



Union 51 



Jackson ., 56 -, 



Twins 58 



The five remaining springs are too much exposed, and open to the incursion of rain- 

 water, so that observations are of no consequence. The Union spring is equal to the 

 Congress for drinking. Jackson and ihe Twins are much exposed to variation of tempe- 

 rature, in consequence of their unprotected state. These ten springs arc in a deeper part 

 of the valley, which is filled with blue clay that has been bored into to the depth of eighty 

 feet without reaching its bottom ; still it is not improbable that all these springs are directly 

 connected with fractures of the upper cluster of springs, but issue from it at certain points 

 which prevent their reaching the surface immediately. 



In addition to the springs already noticed, there are two others of fresh water situated a 

 little to the west of the main valley, whose temperatures are 49° ; and a well near by, 

 with temperature of 48° : these arc shaded and protected from the direct influence of 

 external heat. Good water, in this neighborhood, is readily obtained by wells at^the 

 depth only of sixteen or eighteen feet. 



An interesting fact which can not escape the notice of the most careless observer, is, that 

 these springs, though situated very near each other, and probably having one connnon 

 origin, yet differ very materially in composition. Perhaps it may be said that this very 

 difference disproves the assumption of their common origin. It may be so : still the cir- 

 cumstances, upon the whole, go to prove that they are connected with the fault ; and if 

 so, the assumption does not militate against any fact or principle. 



