PALiEONTOLOL'V OF NEW-VORK. 



POTSDAM SANDSTONE. 



Tins rock, with its associated slates and conglomerates, we regard as lying at the base of 

 the palaeozoic strata; as having been produced at the dawning of the vital principle upon 

 our planet, forming the eozoic point in our series. Nothing which bears the semblance of 

 having been organic is yet known in strata of anterior origin. If, as has been supposed, 

 organic forms were enveloped in the materials of the gneiss, mica and talcous slates, they 

 have been so far obliterated by supervening changes that they cannot now be recognized. 

 Neither has it been demonstrated, except to a very limited extent, that any of these rocks 

 are of origin anterior to those which we term palaeozoic. In the metamorphosed strata of 

 more recent periods, we are able to trace the gradual extinction of the outlines and substance 

 of numerous organisms as we pass from the unaltered to the mctamorphic condition of the 

 same formations. Therefore, in strata like those of the gneiss and associated slates, where 

 the present character departs so widely from what we suppose to have been their normal 

 type as sedimentary rocks, we are scarcely justified in expecting to meet with organic 

 remains which might give a clue to their geological age. It can only be by a thorough 

 study of the structural development, that we can hope to arrive at satisfactory conclusions 

 regarding the age of a large portion of the metamorphic strata on the cast of our fossiliferous 

 masses of the Hudson River valley.* 



• Some months since, Prof. H. D. Rogers informed me that he had discovered palaeozoic fossils in the White 

 Mountain range ; and while this part of my report was passing through the press, I read the paper of Profs. H. D. 

 and W. B. Rogers, "On the geological age of the Wfiite Mountains." It would appear, from the fossils discovered, 

 that these apparently ancient and highly crystalline strata are of the age of the Clinton group of New-York. Never- 

 theless, I am, for various reasons, inclined to regard the association of fossils there mentioned, though necessarily 

 obscured by igneous action, as indicating the occurrence of the Hudson River rocks, which we find extending to a 

 considerable distance east of the Hudson River, charged with Lingiilte, Cytherinir, Jignosti, and fragments of other 

 Crustacea. 



I have already shown (Transactions of the Association of Geologists and j\"aliiralists, A'etB-Haven, May 1S45), 

 that the Shawangunk grits do overlie the shales of the Hudson River group in Rensselaer county, N. Y., occupying 

 some deep folds of the strata beneath. The same gi'its and conglomerates may be seen again farther to the north in 

 Vermont, capping the summits of some of the elevated ridges ; and, so far as we can discover, these coarse grits are 

 conformable to the strata beneath. 



[Paleontology.] 1 



