138 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW-TORK. 



stems penetrating the rock, arranged in close proximity and parallel to each other. The 

 ends of the tubes are thus presented in polished specimens, where no structure is visible. In 

 the softer limestone the rock often weathers away, leaving the coral well preserved, and ex- 

 hibiting in a beautiful manner its peculiar structure. In worn specimens the projecting lip on 

 the lower side of the mouth is worn away, and the openings present scarcely any difference 

 from Chjetetes and Favosites. A vertical section shows the radiating and diverging angular 

 tubes ; but in those which are very perfectly preserved, there are no traces of septa. 



Sometimes upon the margin of one of these masses of parallel stems, there are some indi- 

 viduals having a niore widely bifurcating character, while the stems have a stronger aspect, 

 and present a considerable variety of appearance ; but in general the stems are not only parallel, 

 but nearly of the same diameter throughout. 



Fig. 1 a. A small group of the parallel stems of this coral, closely arranged. 



Fig. 1 b. A similar group in limestone, where the stems are less closely arranged. In this speci- 

 men one or two of the stems are bifurcating. 



Fig. 1 c. An enlarged stem, showing the form and character of the cells. 



Fig, 1 d. A portion of the surface, showing the apertures where the stem is worn. 



Fig. 1 e. A vertical section of several stems, where the cells are open. 



Fig. 1 /. A sing-le one enlarged. 



Fig. 1 g. The ends of several cells where the tubes are open. 



Fig. 1 h. A single one enlarged, showing a transverse section of the tubes, the inner or nearest 

 the axis being smaller than the outer ones, indicating the increase in size towards 

 the surface. 



Fig. 1 i. A polished specimen of limestone, showing the solid ends of the stems of this coral. 



Fig. 1 At. A figure of a branch, upon the outer margin of a group of parallel stems. 



Fig. 1 I, m. Small separate stems showing modes of branching. 



Position and locality. This species occurs in the limestone in nearly all localities examined 

 in the State, but it is more abundant and better preserved at Lockport than elsewhere. It 

 appears to be more particularly limited to the lower part of the limestone, and is very rarely 

 seen in the shale. {State Collection.) 



525. 2. CLADOPORA CESPITOSA (n. 5j3.). 



PL. XXXVIII. Fig. 2 a, b, c. 



Stems glomerate or cjespitose, closely aggregated about the root, frequently branching and 

 rapidly diverging above ; stems cylindrical, composed of subangular tubes radiating from the 

 centre, and opening ujion the surface in roundish oval mouths. 



I have been unable to see this species, except in a somewhat worn condition ; and therefore 

 the form of the cell apertures upon the surface, in their natural state, can not be determined. 

 It is clearly allied to the preceding species ; but the branches are larger, the form of the worn 

 opening is different, and the mode of growth and habit of the coral are entirely unlike the last. 



