Species of Penguins 99 



loose rocks, were lined with dried grass, and each contained two white eggs, "of 

 which one is usually larger than the other." "They were wonderfully cour- 

 ageous," says Kidder, "erecting their sulphur-yellow plumes and trembling all 

 over with excitement on my approach, while they kept up a strident cackling that 

 was almost deafening." The remaining species are separated mainly on minor 

 differences in the crest; all range fromTierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands 

 to Tsew Zealand. 



The smallest of the Penguins are comprised in the genus Eudyptula, of which 

 two species are known. Of these we may mention the little Blue Penguin (E. 

 minor] of the coasts of South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Chat- 

 ham Islands. It is slate-blue above and pure white below, and is without 

 streaks or crests on the head; its length is about sixteen inches. It breeds in 

 large numbers on islands in Cook Strait and Bass's Strait, and appears to take 

 great pains in constructing paths and avenues through the breeding grounds, 

 carefully removing all sticks, stones, and herbage. The other species (E. 

 albosignata) is similar but slightly larger and has both outer and inner instead of 

 only the inner margins of the "flipper" margined with white; it is confined 

 to the coasts of New Zealand. 



The remaining genus (Spheniscus) embraces four species, and may be known 

 by the rather long, stout bill, the basal portion of which is furrowed by many 

 longitudinal ridges ; there is also a well-developed white eyebrow stripe. Of these 

 the Cape Penguin (S. demersus} occurs on the coasts of South Africa, and the 

 others about the coasts of South America, the Galapagos and Falkland Islands. 



