576 The Roller-like Birds 



Borneo. The male has the whole head and neck jet-black and the rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and entire under parts rich crimson. 



The final genus (Hapalarpactes) includes only two species, one of which 

 (H. reinwardti) is confined to Java and the other (H. mackloti] to Sumatra. 

 They are known by having the cheeks, a spot behind the eye, and the gape 

 naked, while the three central pairs of tail-feathers are bluish green without 

 terminal black bands as in the last, and the throat is yellow. Further, they are 

 the only Asiatic species with metallic backs. 



PICARIAN BIRDS 



(Suborder Pici) 



Although there are some gaps between the individual groups here included 

 within this suborder, they constitute as a whole a very well marked assemblage, 

 which is distinguished at once from all other groups by the possession of a " yoke- 

 toed " (zygodactylous) foot, in which the flexor muscle, which usually supplies 

 the second, third, and fourth toes, is single and goes only to the third toe, while 

 the other (flexor hallucis), which normally moves only the first toe or hallux, is 

 the one split into three branches and serves the first, second, and fourth toes. 

 The ambiens muscle, of which mention has frequently been made, is absent 

 in the members of this group, while the oil-gland, which is also of much taxo- 

 nomic importance, is either naked or tufted, thus permitting the group to be 

 divided into two minor groups. There are, of course, other characters, but it is 

 perhaps unnecessary to enumerate them at present. 



The Pici, according to Gadow, may be divided into four families, the Gal- 

 bulidce, or Jacamars and Puff-birds, Captionida, or Barbets and^Honey-guides, 

 Rhamphastida:, or Toucans, and the Picidce, or Woodpeckers and Wrynecks. 



THE JACAMARS AND PUFF-BIRDS 



(Family Galbulidce) 



This family, which is by some systematists denominated a suborder, may be 

 divided into two well-marked subfamilies, the Galbulina, or Jacamars, and 

 the BucconincB, or Puff-birds. They agree among themselves in having the oil- 

 gland nude, the caeca present and functional, as well as normal, that is to say 

 two, carotids; all are natives of the tropical parts of the New World. 



The Jacamars (Subfamily Galbulincs). This is a small but well-defined 

 group of birds, which differ from their nearest allies the Puff -birds in having a 

 long, pointed bill with angular gonys, a small but clearly defined aftershaft to 

 the contour feathers, and a peculiar branching to the pectoral feather tract. 

 They have in general weak feet with the tarsi smooth behind, rather short, 



