n8 Bird Studies. 



The Kentucky Warbler is bright olive green above, except on the head 



where there is a black crown, the feathers of which are tipped with bluish 



gray. There is a yellow line from the bill to the region 



Kentucky Warbler. above and back of the eye> Below this is an area of 



Geothlypis formosa (Wils.). ,,,/ 1 11 J'l 



black, of an irregular triangular shape, extending down on 

 the sides of the throat. The entire under parts are very bright greenish 

 yellow. The female is similar, but generally duller, and the black is less 

 clearly defined, and often has a grayish tinge. The birds are rather stout 

 and heavy, and are about five and a half inches long. 



The nest, often on the ground and always near it, is made of a layer of 

 dry leaves, thin fine twigs and roots, and lined with finer roots and vegetable 

 fibre. The eggs are white, speckled or spotted evenly with reddish brown, 

 and are nearly three quarters of an inch long and less than three fifths of an 

 inch in their other diameter. The Kentucky Warbler is found in the Eastern 

 United States, as far north as Southeastern New York, Connecticut, and 

 Iowa, breeding from the Gulf States north throughout its range. It winters 

 in Central America. 



This is a bird of the damp, dense woods, living near the ground, and 

 noticeable both on account of its bright markings as well as its loud and 

 pleasant song. 



This Warbler is one of the commonest breeding birds from Kansas and 

 Virginia north to Manitoba and Labrador. Southward on the higher Alle- 

 ghanies they breed to South Carolina. They winter from 

 Florida through the West Indies and Central America. 



Seiurus aurocapillus (Linn.). 



The Golden-crowned Thrush, or Oven-bird, is^aboiit 



six and a quarter inches long, is olive green above, with a decided brownish 

 tone. There is a crown spot of golden brown defined by a black line on each 

 side of it. The under parts are white and there is a narrow black line on 

 either side of the throat. The breast and sides are streaked with black. The 

 sexes do not differ in appearance. 



The birds breed on the ground, building a bulky, covered nest generally 

 in the open woods where dry leaves cover the ground. The outside is dry 

 leaves, bark, grasses, and vegetable fibre. This is lined with finer grasses and 

 roots ; the entrance is at one side. While this structure is more frequently in 

 an open place, its environment conceals it so effectually that it would but sel- 

 dom be found save for the presence of the birds and their evident solicitude. 



