222 Bird Studies. 



and behind the eye is black, and there is a broader black stripe from the cor- 

 ner of the mouth across the cheeks,. The lower parts are bright yellow, the 

 sides and flanks striped with clear black. 



The female is similar but duller and the reddish brown of the back is 

 more obscure and often wanting. The black striping of the male is replaced 

 by dusky or grayish markings. Immature birds resemble the adult female but 

 are strongly tinged with ashy. The bar of the wing is indistinct or often 

 altogether lacking. The nest is built in tangled bushes or young cedars in 

 rather open ground. It is composed of various vegetable fibres and plant 

 down lined with finer material and long hair. Four or five eggs are laid. 

 They are white, spotted and speckled, mainly at the larger end, with varying 

 shades of brown. The eggs are rather more than three fifths of an inch long 

 and less than half an inch in their smaller diameter. 



The birds are found during the warmer portions of the year as far north 

 as Southern New England and Michigan, from which points they breed 

 locally as far south as Florida. They winter in Florida and the West Indies. 



This is another Warbler that seems to choose the vicinity of cleared 

 lands for its summer home. The birds are about five inches long. 



The adult male has a greenish yellow crown, which is bordered with black 

 on the sides. There is a broad area of black in front of the eye extending 

 Chestnut-sided downward and defining the throat. The remainder of the 



Warbler. ^ ace anc ^ ^ e sides of the neck are white. The back of the 

 ica pensyivanica neck is streaked black and gray, which becomes black 

 striped with greenish yellow on the back. The wings and 

 tail are dusky. The former with two greenish yellow bars and many of the 

 feathers are edged with a similar color. The outer tail feathers have their 

 inner webs white almost to the tips. The lower parts are pure white, the 

 sides being broadly and definitely deep rick chestmit. 



Female birds are similar in pattern but duller in color. 



Immature and autumnal birds are light olive green above with wings and 

 tail similar to breeding birds. The back is often obscurely streaked with 

 dusky. The sides of the face are grayish, as is a ring about the eye. This 

 same color prevails on the sides of the neck. The throat, breast, and belly 

 are white shading into the gray of the sides, neck, and face. Many individuals 

 show some trace of the deep chestnut of the sides. 



The birds nest in low bushes. The nest is built of plant fibre and strips 



