236 Bird Studies. 



are the outer three or four tail feathers on their terminal halves. The black of 

 the breast is sharply defined against the white of the chest, and the belly and 

 feathers below the tail are white. The sides are bright reddish chestnut. 

 The eyes are red with black pupils. 



The female resembles the male in pattern, but the black regions are re- 

 placed by bright snuff brown and the chestnut of the sides is not so bright. 



Very young birds have a curious streaked plumage, but may be readily 

 recognized by their general form and the markings of the wings and tail 

 which are much the same as in the adults. The nest is placed on or near the 

 ground. It is built of large dead leaves, grasses, and plant fibres lined with 

 finer material. 



The eggs vary from four to five in number, and are white finely and 

 regularly specked with reddish brown. They are almost an inch long and 

 about seven tenths of an inch in their other diameter. 



The birds are found in Eastern North America north to Southern 

 Canada, and extend west to the Plains. They breed from Georgia and the 

 lower Mississippi Valley north, and winter from Virginia and Arkansas to 

 Florida and Texas. 



The Chewink is a bird of the ground. Where thickets prevail in open 

 places, in brush heaps that are left in clearings in the woods, and in bushy 

 undergrowths of the more open woodlands, you are almost sure to find him. 

 Here his frequently uttered call notes and quick energetic movements at once 

 arrest attention. 



This bird is the close ally and prototype of the Chewink in Florida and 

 north along the coast as far as Southern South Carolina. It is a smaller 



bird, rather less than eight inches long, has less white on 

 White-eyed . ... 



Towhee ^ e wm g s an d only the two outer tail feathers with white 



pipiio erythrophthaimus on their terminal halves. The eyes are cream color or 

 white, with black pupils. The brown areas in the female 

 are deeper in color than the more northern bird. 



This is a bird of the ground, like its congener, but is almost confined to 

 regions of thick scrub palmetto. 



In old fields and pastures that are more or less overgrown with bushes, 

 such as are dry, and on the upland where young junipers are beginning to 



