OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 123 



mendations that grew directly out of it were of substantial 

 help in developing the modern mask. For military reasons 

 I have deleted all reference to the several types of mask and 

 their relative advantages as measured by our tests. I would 

 record in this formal way the help of my assistant, Mr. Vin- 

 cent B. Coffin, and the helpful counsel of Dr. Walter R. Miles. 



"The last problem that was taken up concerned the con- 

 dition of effective anti-submarine lookout service. This was 

 one of the first questions that was suggested in the spring of 

 1917. But it was not until the fall of 191 8 that official recog- 

 nition of its importance made a practicable opening for tak- 

 ing it up seriously. When Commander Coffey, U. S. N., was 

 assigned to command of the Eagle Boats he requested author- 

 ization of a School for Lookouts in connection with the train- 

 ing of the officers and men of those boats. After a prelim- 

 inary survey a satisfactory plan was drawn up and the school 

 was authorized by the Bureau of Navigation. It was to 

 facilitate psychological work in connection with this School 

 that I was commissioned in the Naval Reserve Force. There 

 followed in succession, a first-hand analysis of the tasks of a 

 lookout, authorization of a plan to collect the most approved 

 naval practices of our own and foreign forces, organization 

 to investigate aspects of the task on which naval tradition 

 and scientific doctrine seemed least adequate, the elaboration 

 of a course of Instruction and the preparation of a manual on 

 the School of the Lookout, and the development of new train- 

 ing devices and apparatus. All these processes had reached 

 substantial development before the U-boat warfare suddenly 

 stopped at the signing of the armistice, and I was released 

 from active duty to resume my academic work. The open 

 publication of any of this work is obviously Impossible for 

 reasons of military expediency. 



"By request of members of the National Research Council 

 or Naval officers, memoranda were prepared on: (i) the rela- 

 tive advantages of binocular and monocular glasses for look- 

 outs; (2) differences in the vulnerability of different kinds of 

 firing reactions to emotional disturbance; (3) an examination 

 for the admission of candidates to the Pay Officers' School; 



