288 



reason the dejections of young- animals, all things else being equal 

 furnish a manure of less power and value than those of adult ani- 

 mals. I shall have occasion to recur to this important subject 

 -vhich has never yet been sufficiently studied. 



The urine and excrements of a milch cow, which is giving about 

 12 pints of milk per diem, have shown upon analysis, the following 

 quantities of elements : 100 of the urine contained H.7 of dry ex- 

 tract, and had this composition : 



Urine dry. Urine liquid. 



Carbon 27.2 3.18 



Hydrogen 2.6 0.30 



Oxygen 26.4 3.09 



Azote 3.8 0.44 



Salts 40.0 4.68 



Water 0.0 88.31 



100.0 100.00 



100 of fresh excrement left on drying 9.4 of dry substance, and in 

 each state contained : 



Excrement dry. Excrement moist. 



Carbon 42.8 4.02 



Hydrogen 5.2 0.49 



Oxygen 37.7 3.54 



Azote 2.3 0.22 



Salts 12.0 1.13 



Water 0.0 90.60 



100.0 100.00 



Hog's dung. From all I have seen, I conclude that hogs well 

 kept and put up to fatten, yidd dejections which are highly azotized, 

 and which must consequently furnish a manure of excellent quality. 

 Schwertz has, indeed, ascertained that this manure acts more pow- 

 erfully than cow-dung. 



Sheep-dung is one of the most active of manures, a fact which is 

 confirmed by analysis ; for it is by no means watery, and in the 

 usual state contains upwards of one per cent, of azote. The mode 

 of managing sheep generally implies that they manure the ground 

 immediately. Schwertz calculates that in the course of a night, a 

 sheep will manure something more than a square yard of surface ; 

 at Bechelbronn we have found the quantity manured to be about 4 

 square feet. The following are the details of one experiment : 



Two hundred sheep were folded for a fortnight upon a rye-stubble, 

 of an extent which gave as nearly as possible four square feet of 

 surface per sheep. The manuring thus effected was found to pro- 

 duce a maximum effect upon the crop of turnips which followed the 

 rye. 



Pigeon's dung is known as a hot manure, and of such activity 

 that it must be used with discretion. Pigeon's dung is available for 

 crops of every description ; Schwertz has made use of it for a long 

 time, and always with the greatest success, mixed with coal asheS; 

 upon clovers. The Flemish farmers procure pigeon's dung from 

 the department of the Pas de Calais, where there are a great num- 

 ber of dove-cotes, one of which, containing from six hundred to six 

 hundred and fifty pigeons, will let for the sum of about £i per annum, 



I 



