4T2 THE HOG. 



Now assumiDg 2 per cent, as the contents in azote of dry farm- 

 yard dung, we see that the food consumed by the horse, speaking 

 theoretically, might or should form 25.5 lbs. of dry manure. But 

 we have seen that a horse or cow will exhale from 355.0 to 41 6.8 

 grs. of azote, which is all derived from the food, and is consequ ntly 

 lost to the dung-heap. Now 3859 grs. of azote represent 2.75 lbs. 

 of dry manure ; so that the dry dung produced by the horse kept in 

 the stable, will be reduced from 25.5 lbs. to 23.1 lbs. In the course 

 of a year, upon this calculation, the azote exhaled will diminish the 

 weight of dry dung produced by one horse by a quantity equal to 

 1045 lbs. 



The azote of the food of a cow is still more considerable in quan- 

 tity, and the loss to the dunghill proportionally larger ; inasmuch as 

 to the amount she exhales, must be added all that goes to constitute 

 the milk she gives. Practical men, without pretending to get at 

 the cause of the thing, have long been aware of the fact, that a cow 

 produces less dung than a horse ; and the truth of this is readily 

 demonstrated on scientific grounds. Suppose a cow, consuming the 

 equivalent of 33 lbs. of hay, and giving about 17 pints of milk per 

 day: 



33 lbs. of hay contain 2670 grs. of aiote, 



44 " straw for litter contain. 128 " 



Azote 2793 — 19.8 lbs. of dung supposed to be dry. 



But in the 24 hours, there have been of 



Azote exhaled ... 8S5.9 grains, and of 



Azote in 17 pints, or 22.7 lbs of milk carried ofl^ 802.7 grains. 



1188.6 — S 8 of dry dung: 



The 33 lbs. of hay digested by the cow, consequently, the litter 

 added, have only produced 8.8 of dry dung. The azote of the food, 

 of which we find no account in the dejections, amounts per annum 

 to nearly 30 cwts., (3300 lbs.,) the deficiency in the case of the 

 horse amounting to no more than 1045 lbs., (9 cwts. 1 qr. 9 lbs.) 



The estimation of the dung produced by growing animals, pre- 

 sents several special difficulties, inasmuch as, besides the azote 

 exhaled from the lungs, there is the quantity that is fixed in the liv- 

 ing body. 



In one of the experiments which I have related, it appears that a 

 calf six months old, consuming : 



Hay 9.6 lbs. containing 10C9.S azote. 



Discharged by its dejections 88S.8 " 



Azote fixed or exhaled in 24 hours 281.5 " 



The azote lost to the manure by the fixing of azote is therefore 

 very considerable, in the case of young animals as well as of milch- 

 kine. We find, for example, that for every 100 lbs. weight of hay 

 consumed : 



A horse supplies the equivalent of 61 lbs. of dry standard dung^ 



A milch-cow 82 " " 



A calf of six months ...40 « •* 



