HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 87 



eral Congress in 1912, by the terms of which federal 

 money is granted to the states for education directly 

 on the farms in proportion to the agricultural popula- 

 tion. This federal appropriation must be matched 

 by an equal amount from the State. This extension 

 movement, now grown to vast and intricate national 

 proportions, seems to have had its beginnings in an 

 appropriation by the New York State Legislature to 

 the Department of Agriculture at Cornell University, 

 now the New York State College of Agriculture, in 

 1895, to carry the teachings and inspiration of the 

 University to the young people and the men and 

 women on farms who could not become resident stu- 

 dents in the University courses. This movement had 

 its inception in the mind of John Spencer of West- 

 field, who later was affiliated with the University, and 

 under the familiar title of " Uncle John " was for 

 years the inspirer of boys and girls concerning the 

 things of the " out-of-doors." The conception of di- 

 rect teaching by the University beyond the walls of 

 the institution grew from this and other pioneer ef- 

 forts into the great extension movement. 



Other movements worthy of special mention that 

 have especially affected the agricultural interests of 

 the State, and some of which have reached far beyond 

 its bounds, are the Grange or Patrons of Husbandry. 

 The Patrons of Husbandry, commonly known as the 

 Grange, which was fathered by 0. H. Kelley at Wash- 

 ington, D. C, had advisors in different parts of the 

 country. The first local chapter. Grange Number 1, 

 was established at Fredonia, April 16, 1868. New 



