SOILS OF NEW YORK 103 



fluence of material from the red part of the Medina 

 and the Salina formations that give rise to the Lock- 

 port series. With the dark or black shale, this pro- 

 duces the rich chocolate brown color of the heavier 

 types that characterizes the series. 



The boundaries of the glacial lakes were very ir- 

 regular. The earlier levels to the southward were 

 the higher and reached up to a thousand feet or more. 

 The more gentle slopes and level areas further north 

 are devoted to mixed farming. Fine sandy loam, 

 loam and silty loam types predominate and as is 

 usually the case with these classes of soils, they are 

 about equally valuable for the production of a variety 

 of crops. 



The agricultural experiment stations both at Ge- 

 neva and Ithaca are situated, one partially and the 

 other entirely, on the Dunkirk series, the clay loam 

 predominating. At Geneva the station also includes 

 some of the Ontario fine sandy loam soil. 



With the Ontario series, the Dunkirk occupies the 

 bulk of the fruit-producing region. Both are made 

 up chiefly of strong types of soil. Of course, cli- 

 mate, produced by the low elevation and the influence 

 from the Great Lakes, is a factor in the development 

 of fruit. Good farming conditions prevail on most 

 of the Dunkirk series. 



Closely associated with the Dunkirk series of soils 

 is the Clyde, which represents that part of the lake 

 deposit that, because of its low position and flat 

 topography, has been in a pronounced swampy con- 

 dition. Consequently, it has received much rich 



