176 RURAL ?fEW YORK 



states in "Apples of New York," that before 1840 

 probably not much over 15 per cent of the fruit was 

 budded or grafted. 



New York has contributed largely to the creation 

 of new varieties. In a list of 804 given by Hedrick 

 and his associates in Bulletin 361 of the Geneva 

 Station, New York is credited with originating 144 

 varieties of those whose origin is known. Of these, 

 eleven are adapted to growth widely in the State. 

 Four are well-known commercial sorts, the Northern 

 Spy, Jonathan, Newtown Pippin and Wagener. 

 Four others belong to the Spy group. While tlie 

 number of varieties is large, those of real commer- 

 cial importance are small. Most of these appeared in 

 mixed plantings of seeds carried into the new settle- 

 ment by pioneers from the East. Probably at the 

 head of these varieties is the Northern Spy. It ap- 

 peared in a lot of seedlings grown by Mr. Chapin at 

 East Bloomfield, where the site of the original tree has 

 been marked. Early Joe and Norton's Melon ap- 

 peared in the same lot of seedlings. Two varieties of 

 Spitzenburg are in this list. The Wagener apple ap- 

 peared at Penn Yan. The Yellow Newtown origin- 

 ated on Long Island, near Prince's nursery at Flush- 

 ing. This is notable in another way because it was 

 probably the first variety shipped abroad. In 1758 

 a package of this fruit was sent to Benjamin Franklin 

 in London. In ITGT, Robert Livingston sent a barrel 

 of this fruit abroad. As late as 1825, apples were 

 packed in straw-headed barrels. The Swaar apple 

 appeared at Esopus in the Hudson Valley. The 



