264 RURAL NEW YORK 



A large outlet for milk in many sections of the 

 State where dairying prevails is the milk conden- 

 saries and the evaporated milk plants. The former 

 have many large and prosperous plants, but they 

 represent no particular advantage to the individual 

 farmer in determining the price of his product based 

 on cost of production. These manufacturing lines 

 are closely linked with the sale of raw milk for direct 

 consumption. In some of the smaller cities, the 

 retail milk trade is being concentrated and in 

 Ithaca a considerable section of it has been linked 

 with ice and ice-cream manufacture, a modern bot- 

 tling plant and also a condensing plant. From 

 here the product of a number of dairies is distributed 

 by wagons, each of which is assigned a full, compact 

 and well balanced route. The manufacturing end 

 serves to care for the surplus of raw milk. The busi- 

 ness is managed on a corporate basis and is owned 

 and controlled largely by the farmers supplying milk. 



Another pliase of cooperative marketing is repre- 

 sented by joint sales of pure-bred live-stock. The 

 Liverpool sales near Syracuse have been famous for 

 the amount and high grade of stock handled. By 

 this concentration the owners are able to secure the 

 attendance of a lai'ger number of buyers and to secure 

 more extensive advertising, together with the general 

 advantages of such sales. Other communities hold 

 joint stock sales at a convenient farm with similar 

 advantages. In one instance, Tompkins County, a 

 county breeders' association has been organized that 

 publishes an informational and sales paper to pro- 



