RURAL MA^^VFACTURES 275 



and seasonal consumption. With the exception of 

 Pennsylvania, New York State has the largest diver- 

 sity of manufacturers. Out of 264 classifications 

 used in the thirteenth census, 243 were represented 

 in New York. 



The materials of manufacture are the products of 

 the farm, the forest, the stream, the mine and the 

 quarry and somewhat of the sea. The development of 

 manufacture in the region represents largely the per- 

 sistence of early established industries, together with 

 the transfer of others as a result of changed natural 

 advantages. Tobacco manufacture exemplifies the 

 former. Now widely disseminated, it shows rela- 

 tion ,to the former large production of tobacco in cer- 

 tain parts of the State. In the case of meats and 

 the meat-packing industry, there is recognizable the 

 tendency to transfer towards the centers of popula- 

 tion from the districts of production. 



Dairy manufactures were once a conspicuous 

 feature of the farm operations. Butter and cheese 

 were made on the farm and certain regions became 

 widely known for their product, especially western 

 New York and the district around the eastern end 

 of Lake Ontario. The total production of milk in 

 the State in 1909 was 2,400,000,000 quarts or 60,- 

 000,000 forty-quart cans. This number of cans 

 would fill 240,000 forty-foot cars, enough to reach 

 from New York to Chicago in a solid line. They 

 would make 12,000 trains of twenty cars each or an 

 average of thirty-three a day to move the milk daily 

 produced in the State. Seven-eighths of the milk 



