RURAL MANUFACTURES 387 



Elm and ash were the local woods used for fruit and 

 flour barrels, while the gums for tlie heads must be 

 imported from the South. Oak for casks may still 

 be secured locally. 



Xew York produced only 15 per cent of the 

 wood pulp made in the United States. This came 

 almost entirely from spruce. The twenty-one plants 

 engaged exclusively in this industry and the fifty- 

 one factories that made paper in addition, produced 

 314,000 tons, valued at a little less than $10,000,- 

 000. The State uses great quantities of paper of all 

 grades, about one-fifth of which is- made up locally 

 but largely from imported materials. The mills are 

 mostly around the base of the Adirondack Mountains 

 where water power is available for reducing the wood 

 to pulp. Every important city in that territory con- 

 tributes to this industry and plants are located on 

 the most important waterways leading from the 

 mountains. 



In baskets, rattan and willow ware, New York, 

 with 30 per cent of the workers and 37 per cent of 

 the plants, produces 60 per cent of the value of the 

 products in the country. There were 169 establish- 

 ments for this purpose. The statistics do not per- 

 mit an estimate of the use of loca?l materials, particu- 

 larly hickory, ash and willow. The preeminence of 

 the State in growing willows in the Wayne County 

 district undoubtedly contributes something to this 

 line of manufacturing and gives it a local rural 

 aspect. 



One of the most distinctly rural manufactured prod- 



