RURAL MANUFACTURES 291 



eider and vinegar of utilizing the poorer grades of 

 fruit. The plants are closely identified with tlie 

 apple orchards and are generally located in the 

 smaller towns. The remaining percentage is made 

 up of small-fruits, chiefly raspberries, which centers 

 in Yates County on the west side of Seneca Lake. 



The preserving industry, on the other hand, is de- 

 veloped in larger cities, particularly in New York 

 City. 



New York State ranks first in the quantity of corn, 

 buckwheat and oats ground, third in that of wheat 

 and rye, and sixth in barley. TJiere were 983 mills 

 in 1909 of which 270 were engaged in milling wheat, 

 and of these 105 produced less than 1000 barrels 

 during the year ; 86 produced from 1000 to 5000 bar- 

 rels; 49 from 5000 to 20,000 barrels; 19 from 20,- 

 000 to 100,000 barrels; and 11 plants produced over 

 100,000 barrels. These figures give some idea of the 

 concentration of milling in extensive plants in large 

 cities, particularly Bufi:alo and Eochester. 



Milling illustrates the relation of manufacturing 

 to production and special industries. New York 

 leads all others in buckwheat and this grain is 

 ground to flour in a larger number of small mills 

 than is possessi?d by any otber state. Tbese often use 

 small water power, particularly in the southern tier 

 counties. Corn and oats from tlie Mississippi Val- 

 ley region are purchased to serve" as feed for the large 

 dairy and live-stock industry of New York for which 

 purpose, tlicy are extensively ground together in these 

 smaller mills. New York was once the leading 



