CH. XXXV. FARADAY. 349 



in Albemarle Street, where Faraday afterw^ards became Pro- 

 fessor of Chemistry. 



It is impossible in a short sketch to give you any idea of 

 the simple and noble nature of the man who from that time 

 for more than fifty years laboured at science in the Royal 

 Institution. It is not yet eight years since he died, and you 

 may talk with many who have known and loved him, and 

 if you wish to learn the story of his life you must read it in 

 the book called ' Michael Faraday,' written by Dr. Gladstone. 

 Even of his experiments we can only mention a few, for these 

 subjects are becoming almost too deep for us ; but those 

 which we must now consider were some which have helped 

 to make his name famous. 



Faraday discovers the Mutual Eotation of Magnets 

 and Electrified Wires, 1821. — It was in 1821 that Faraday 

 began to repeat for himself Ampere's experiments on elec- 

 tricity and magnetism, and he soon saw that if an electric 

 current going round a wire gave rise to magnetic currents at 

 right angles to it, he ought to be able to make an electric 

 wire revolve round a magnet, and a magnet round an elec- 

 tric wire. Accordingly, he took two cups of mercury, a b. 

 Fig. 58, p. 350, and drilling a hole in the bottom of each, he 

 passed the wires e, e\ of a battery up into them ; then he 

 took two magnets d^ d ) //he fastened by a thin thread to 

 the battery wire in the cup a, so that it floated upright in 

 the mercury, and the top of it could move round easily ; the 

 other magnet, d, he fixed firmly upright in the cup b. He 

 then hung the copper rod c above the cups, so that the end 

 f^ which was fixed, dipped into the cup a, and the other 

 end, which was made of a loose moveable wire, /', dipped 

 into the cup b. Thus in a the magnet was free to move 

 and the wire was fixed, while in b the wire was free to move 



